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hi it's mr. Andersen and this is ap

Hi. It's Mr. Andersen and this is AP Physics essentials video 5. It is on objects. And

physics essentials video 5 it's on

here is an object right here. It is the kilogram. And this really is the kilogram. It is stored

objects and here's an object right here it's the kilogram and this really is the kilogram it's stored in Paris the

in Paris. The kilogram is the only unit that is based on the mass of an artifact, an actual

kilogram is the only unit that is based on the mass of an artefact an actual

object which is somewhat problematic. And so Avogadro Project is working to define this

object which is somewhat problematic and so Avogadro project is working to define

based on Avogadro's Number. And so they have created the most spherical object that humanity

this based on Avogadro's number and so they've created the most Fira chol

has ever made. And this is it right here. If you were to blow it up to the size the

object that humanity has ever made and this is it right here if you were to

earth there would be no more variation than 2.5 meters around the whole thing. And so

blow it up to the size of the earth there'd be no more variation than 2.5 meters around the whole thing and so

this a real spherical object. But they are using that object to define a unit. And so

this is a real spherical object but they're using that object to define a

what is an object? And how is it different from a system? Well if we look at a system

unit and so what is an object and how is it different from a system well if we

and we look at it microscopically it is important to understand all of the interactions and

look at a system and we look at it microscopically it's important to understand all of the interactions and

the properties of the atoms and molecules that make it up. If we really want to understand

the properties of the atoms and molecules that make it up if we really

that perfectly spherical object we have to understand what is going on at the atomic

want to understand that perfectly spherical object we have to understand

level. But let's say we are just studying the kilogram as a macroscopic unit. It is

what's going on at the atomic level but let's say we're just studying the kilogram as a macroscopic unit it's okay

okay to treat that whole thing as a single object. And so if we define system and object

to treat that whole thing as a single object and so if we define system and

again, a system is a collection of objects that are connected together in some way. And

object again a system is a collection of objects that are connected together in

so we would call this whole Atwood machine a system. Where would you point to as far

some way and so we would call this whole Atwood machine a system where would you

as objects go? Here would be one object. Here is another object. And here is another object.

point to as far as objects go here's B one object here's another object and here's another object but if we were to

But if we were to zoom into one of those weights we would say that this actually could be viewed

zoom into one of those weights we would say that this actually could be viewed

as an object if what it is made of is important. But if we were to study it at the microscopic

as an object if what it's made of isn't important but if we were to study it at

level it would be important that we understand it is made of atoms. Those atoms are made

the microscopic level it'd be important that we understand it's made of atoms

up of other particles and particles upon particles. And so depending on our scale we should really

those atoms are made up of other particles and particles upon particles and so depending on our scale we should

treat things either as an object or a system. It depends on what question we are trying

really treat things either as an object or a system depends on what question

to answer. So let's say we want to figure out how long it takes for a planet to go around

we're trying to answer so let's say we want to figure out how long it takes for

the sun. We can treat the planets as discrete objects because their make-up does not tell

a planet to go around the Sun we can treat the planets as discrete objects because their makeup doesn't tell us a

us a lot about how they are orbiting around the sun, even though they are made up of all

lot about how they're orbiting around the Sun even though they're made up of

these molecules. We can make these really detailed charts on where they are going to

all these molecules we can make these really detailed charts on

be at any time if we treat it all as an object. It would make our problem much more complex

where they're going to be at any time if we treat it all as an object it would make our problem much more complex if we

if we treated each of those as a system. But let's say I were to give you a smaller question,

treated each of those as a system but let's say our to give you a smaller

could you tell me the difference between salt and sugar? Well you could taste it and tell

question could you tell me the difference between salt and sugar well

the difference. But let's say we wanted to study it in the science lab. Let's say I want

you could taste it and tell the difference but let's say we wanted to study it in the science lab let's say I

to, and this is a phet simulation, if I add salt to water, check out what is going to

want to and this is a pH e T simulation if I add salt to water check out what's

happen to the concentration. You can see as I add more salt the concentration is going

going to happen to the concentration you can see as I add more salt the

up. Let's add some water. The concentration goes down. Let's evaporate some of the water.

concentration is going up let's add some water the concentration goes down let's evaporate some of the water the

The concentration goes up. Let's dump some of this out and the concentration stays the

concentration goes up let's dump some of this out and the concentration stays the

same. So that is interesting. Let's put a battery in there and we can see that it lights

same so that's interesting let's put a battery in there and we can see that it

up. And so let's see how that would be different than sugar. Now I am adding sugar to the water.

lights up and so let's see how that would be different than sugar now I'm adding sugar to the water remove the

Remove the salt. You can see that there is an increase in concentration. It does not

salt you can see that there's an increasing concentration doesn't seem

seem like it is going up as much. We could then pull some of the water away. Concentration

like it's going up as much we could then pull some of the water away

goes up. That seems similar. Add some water, concentration goes down. Dump it out, it stays

concentration goes up that seems similar add some water concentration goes down

the same. Let's test its conductivity. Oh, that is weird. It is not glowing. Okay so

dump it up it stays the same let's test its conductivity oh that's weird it's not glowing okay so there are

there are clearly difference between sugar and salt. But studying it like this macroscopically

clearly differences between sugar and salt but studying it like this

does not allow me to see those differences. And so if I really wanted to understand how

macroscopically doesn't allow me to see those differences and so if I really

sodium chloride and sucrose are different, I would have to treat it as a system and start

want to understand how sodium chloride and sucrose are different I'd have to treat it as a system and start to

to understand what is going on in those constituent parts. And so did you learn to model the properties

understand what's going on in those constituent parts and so did you learn

of a system based on its substructure? Again, it depends on the question that we are trying

to model the properties of a system based on its sub structure again it

to answer. And then did you figure out how the properties of a system are determined

depends on the question that we're trying to answer and then did you figure out how the properties of a system are

by the interaction of all their constituent parts? Again, figure out what is the problem

determined by the interaction of all their constituent parts again figure out

you are trying to answer and that will tell you how deep you have to go. And I hope that was helpful.

what's the problem that you're trying to answer and that'll tell you how deep you have to go and I hope that was helpful

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