Appositives | Punctuation | Grammar | Khan AcademyYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
Education  150.6K views 501 likes 33 dislikes   06 Jun 2016
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Contributed subtitles
Polish Justyna Bober
KhanAcademyPoPolsku
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- [Voiceover] Hello grammarians, and hello Paige.
- Cześć gramatycy, i cześć Paige.
- [Voiceover] Hi David.
- Cześć David.
- [Voiceover] So today we're going to be talking about
- Więc dzisiaj będziemy mówić o wtrąceniach, czymś
the appositive, which is just a monster of a word.
co się nazywa "appositive", to takie słowo - potwór.
I can tell you that from my limited study of Latin
Mogę powiedzieć, na podstawie mojej ograniczonej znajomości łaciny,
it comes from ad positio, which is "putting on",
pochodzi ono ze słowa "ad positio", które oznacza "wprowadzanie"
which doesn't really necessarily help.
co tak naprawdę nie zawsze pomaga.
What is this thing?
Co to za rzecz?
What is this device, how do we use it,
Czym jest to coś, w jaki sposób je wykorzystujemy
and what does it have to do with commas?
i co to ma wspólnego z przecinkami?
- [Voiceover] That is a great question.
- To jest wielkie pytanie.
The definition itself is also kind of confusing,
Sama definicja jest również myląca,
but it'll make a lot of sense when we see some examples.
ale będzie to miało wiele sensu, gdy podamy kilka przykładów.
My older sister, Griselda, is going to college in the fall.
Moja starsza siostra, Griselda, idzie do college'u na jesieni.
- [Voiceover] Okay, so, an appositive,
- Dobrze, więc "appositive",
what is the definition of an appositive then?
Jaka jest w takim razie definicja "wtrącenia"?
- [Voiceover] So it is a noun phrase that clarifies
-Tak to jest wyrażenie rzeczownikowe, które wyjaśnia
or redefines its antecedent.
lub redefiniuje swojego poprzednika.
- [Voiceover] And an antecedent is just something that comes
- a poprzednik jest to po prostu wyraz, który występuje
before, so what we're doing here with Griselda is,
wcześniej, więc to, co robimy tu z Griseldą jest
we are redefining or clarifying who my older sister is,
definiowane lub wyjaśniane wyrażeniem "moja starsza siostra",
so in order to do that, we're putting it between
więc, aby to zrobić, umieszczamy je pomiędzy
these commas like so, and we're just saying it again.
tymi przecinkami, tak jak tu, po prostu mówimy to jeszcze raz.
My older sister, Griselda, is going to college in the fall.
Moja starsza siostra, Griselda, idzie do college'u na jesieni.
- [Voiceover] Right.
- Racja.
- [Voiceover] But it doesn't always have to be
- Ale to nie zawsze musi być
in the middle like this, right.
w środku jak tu, prawda?
- [Voiceover] That's true, it can be say, at the end.
- Tak prawda, można dodawać to coś na końcu.
So, they stopped selling my favorite snack, the Cookie Cat.
Oni zaprzestali sprzedaży mojej ulubionej przekąski, Cookie Cat.
- [Voiceover] I am so sorry.
- Tak mi przykro.
- [Voiceover] I know. It's so sad.
- Wiem. To takie smutne.
- [Voiceover] So we've got this apposition then at the end
-Tak więc mamy to wtrącenie na końcu
of the sentence, so my favorite snack is being redefined
zdania, więc "moja ulubiona przekąska" jest definiowana
or clarified by Cookie Cat.
lub wyjaśniana przez "Cookie Cat".
Or rather, Cookie Cat is clarifying
Albo raczej, "Cookie Cat" jest wyjaśniane
or redefining my favorite snack.
lub definiowane przez "moją ulubioną przekąskę".
- [Voiceover] Right.
- Racja.
I could just say, "They stopped selling my favorite snack."
Mogę tylko powiedzieć: "Zaprzestali sprzedawać moją ulubioną przekąskę",
- [Voiceover] That could just be its own sentence right.
co mogłoby samo w sobie być zdaniem.
- [Voiceover] Totally.
- Całkowicie.
- [Voiceover] They stopped selling my favorite snack.
- Zaprzestali sprzedawać moją ulubioną przekąskę.
My older sister is going to college in the fall.
Moja starsza siostra idzie na studia jesienią.
This stuff isn't essential
To słowo nie ma zasadniczego znaczenia.
to the understanding of the sentence.
do zrozumienia zdania.
- [Voiceover] Right, but if you don't know
- Tak, ale jeśli nie wiem,
what my favorite snack is, then it's helpful
co jest moją ulubioną przekąską, to jest to pomocne,
for me to say, the Cookie Cat.
żeby powiedzieć, że Cookie Cat.
- [Voiceover] So you can use them as in the first sentence,
- Więc można użyć ich, jak w pierwszym zdaniu,
my older sister comma Griselda comma is going to college
moja starsza siostra, przecinek Griselda przecinek, idzie na studia
in the fall, or you can use it as in the second sentence,
jesienią lub użyć tego jak w zdaniu drugim,
they stopped selling my favorite snack
Zaprzestali sprzedawać moją ulubioną przekąskę
comma the Cookie Cat period.
przecinek, Cookie Cat, kropka.
- [Voiceover] Right.
- Racja.
You don't need another comma.
Nie potrzebujemy kolejnego przecinka.
- [Voiceover] Right.
- Racja.
- [Voiceover] At the end.
- Na końcu.
- [Voiceover] Let's change that back into a comma.
-Przejdźmy z powrotem do przecinka.
- [Voiceover] So this is just another illustration
- Więc to jest kolejna ilustracja
of the separating power of the comma, cuz we're using it
mocy oddzielania przecinka, bo używamy go
to set off this explanatory, clarifying element
do wtrącenia, które wyjaśnia i precyzuje
in the middle or at the end of these sentences.
w środku lub na końcu tych zdań.
- [Voiceover] Yeah, exactly, that's what the comma does.
- Tak, dokładnie to to, co robi przecinek.
Man, it seems like commas can do anything.
Człowieku, wydaje się, że przecinki mogą zrobić wszystko.
- [Voiceover] Yeah, it's pretty incredible.
- Tak, to dość niesamowite.
You know what else can do anything?
Wiesz, co jeszcze może zrobić?
- [Voiceover] What?
- Co?
- [Voiceover] The viewer, you the viewer,
- Widzu, ty widzu,
you can learn anything.
możesz nauczyć się wszystkiego.
That's the appositive and how it relates to commas.
To "appositive" i tak odnosi się do przecinków.
David out.
David się żegna.
- [Voiceover] Paige out.
- Paige się żegna.
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