What Explains the French Paradox?YouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
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"What Explains the French Paradox?"
"Co vysvětluje francouzský paradox?"
The so-called French Paradox is a term coined in the 80’s
Takzvaný francouzský paradox je pojem vytvořený v 80. letech
by three Frenchmen to explain a curious finding.
třemi Francouzi, aby jím vysvětlili podivný objev.
If you chart death from heart attack
Pokud zaznamenáte smrt způsobenou infarktem
versus the amount of saturated fat
ve vztahu k množství nasycených tuků
and cholesterol countries consume,
a cholesterolu, které jednotlivé země konzumují,
there appears to be a straight line.
zdá se, že se jedná o přímou úměru.
The more animal foods populations eat,
Čím více živočišných potravin populace konzumuje,
the higher their death rates appear to be.
tím vyšší se zdá být jejich míra úmrtnosti.
Conversely, maybe if we got meat, egg, and dairy low enough,
A naopak, možná kdybychom dostali maso, vejce a mléko dostatečně nízko,
we could bring coronary death rates down towards zero.
mohli bychom koronární mortalitu snížit na nulu.
But two countries fell outside the line.
Ale dvě země vypadly z řady.
Finland seemed to be doing worse than expected,
Zdálo se, že Finsku se daří hůře, než se čekalo,
and France appeared to be doing better.
a že Francii se naopak daří lépe.
Hence the paradox.
Proto paradox.
How could France have similar saturated fat and cholesterol intake as Finland,
Jak mohla mít Francie podobný příjem nasycených tuků a cholesterolu jako Finsko,
but five times fewer fatal heart attacks?
ale pětkrát méně smrtelných infarktů?
Everyone had their pet theories.
Každý měl své vlastní oblíbené vysvětlení.
Was it the wining? Was it the dining?
Bylo to vínem? Bylo to jídlem?
Yes, animal foods were associated with coronary heart disease mortality,
Ano, živočišné potraviny byly spojenys úmrtím na koronární onemocnění srdce,
but plant foods appeared protective.
ale rostlinné potraviny, jak se zdálo, měly ochrannou funkci.
So maybe the fact that the French
Takže možná se na nižší úmrtnosti
were eating four times as many vegetables
podílí fakt, že Francouzi
helps account for their lower death rates.
jedli čtyřikrát tolik zeleniny.
But it turns out there’s apparently no paradox at all.
Ale ukázalo se, že žádný paradox v tom vlastně není.
As Marion Nestle astutely pointed out,
Jak prozíravě zdůraznila Marion Nestle,
the French had just recently started eating so unhealthy,
Francouzi začali jíst takto nezdravě teprve nedávno
and chronic diseases take decades to develop.
a u chronických nemoci trvá desetiletí, než se projeví.
The U.S. had been eating this way for 40 years,
Spojené státy takhle jedí už 40 let,
whereas the French had just picked it up.
zatímco Francouzi s tím teprve začali.
It’s like if we all started smoking today
Je to, jako kdybychom dnes začali všichni kouřit,
and found no measurable increase in lung cancer tomorrow
a zítra nenalezli žádný měřitelný vzestup rakoviny plic.
it wouldn’t mean smoking doesn’t cause lung cancer;
Neznamenalo by to, že kouření nezpůsobuje rakovinu plic;
it’s just takes awhile.
jen to prostě trvá.
So what happens when you actually run the numbers?
Takže co se stane, když to skutečně propočítáme?
If you compare coronary death rates
Pokud porovnáte míru úmrtnosti na koronární onemocnění
to the amount of animal fat and cholesterol levels at the time,
s množstvím živočišného tuku a cholesterolu v současnosti,
France does seem unusually protected,
Francie se jeví výjimečně chráněná.
and if you compare death rates to what they were eating
Pokud porovnáte míru úmrtí s tím,
two decades before, they’re still pretty far off the line.
co jedli o dvě desetiletí dříve, jsou stále docela daleko od osy.
Ah, but it turns out French physicians under-report
Aha, ale ukázalo se, že francouzští lékaři nedostatečně hlásí
ischemic heart disease deaths on the death certificates
úmrtí na ischemickou chorobu srdeční na úmrtních listech,
by as much as 20%, according to a World Health Organization investigation.
a to až o 20 %, podle šetření Světové zdravotnické organizace.
So if you correct for that,
Takže pokud to opravíte,
then France basically comes back right in line
pak se Francie v podstatě vrátí na přímku
with the death versus animal fat and death versus cholesterol lines,
úmrtí versus živočišný tuk a cholesterol,
with about four times the fatal heart attack rates as Japan
s asi čtyřnásobným počtem úmrtí na infarkt oproti Japonsku,
decades after four times the animal fat consumption.
desítky let po zčtyřnásobení spotřeby živočišného tuku.
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