Complexicon: Keystone SpeciesYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
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A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately
Una especie clave es una especie que tiene un efecto
strong effect on the health and functioning of its ecosystem.
desproporcionalmente fuerte en la salud y funcionamiento de su ecosistema
Identifying and studying keystone species
identificar y estudiar especies clave
can be useful in studying and preserving the health of an ecosystem
puede ser útil para restaurar y preservar la salud de su ecosistema
Here's two examples of keystone species.
Estos son dos ejemplos de especies clave:
Reintroducing wolves in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem
Reintroducir lobos en el ecosistema del gran Yellowstone
had cascading positive effects
tuvo efectos positivos en cascada
on plant populations, on soil health,
en la población de plantas, en la salud del suelo
in all the processes that depend on both.
y en todos los procesos que dependen de ambos
And restoring sea otters along the Pacific Coast of North America
Y reintroducir nutrias marinas a lo largo de la costa norteamericana del Pacífico
depressed populations of marine herbivores and predators,
disminuyó las poblaciones de hervíboros y depredadores marinos
which allowed other species to recover.
lo que permitió que otras especies se recuperaran.
Keystone species are not just limited to charismatic mammals.
Las especies claves no constan solamente de mamíferos carismáticos
Effectively any organism in an ecosystem could be keystone.
Cualquier organismo en un ecosistema puede ser una especie clave
The critical characteristic of a keystone species
la característica principal de una especie clave es:
is that a large portion of the flow of energy and sources through an ecosystem
Una gran proporción del flujo de energía y recursos del ecosistema
depends on that species.
dependen de dicha especie.
This can occur when the species consumes resources itself,
Esto puede ocurrir cuando la especie consume recursos,
or promotes or inhibits the consumption of resources by others.
o cuando promueve o inhibe el consumo de estos recursos por otras especies.
Consider the north american coastal redwood
Considere a la secoya costera de Norteamérica
Not only does this tree provide raw sources of carbon
Este árbol no sólo provee de fuentes de carbono
for other organisms to consume
para el consumo de otros organismos
it also alters the local climate.
también altera el clima local
Increasing moisture, building organic rich soils
incrementando la humedad, creando tierra rica en materia orgánica
and providing a complex substrate
y siendo proveedor de un sustrato complejo
for other organisms to live in
para que otros organismos vivan en él
from bryophytes to birds to insects to microorganisms.
desde briófitos a aves, insectos y microorganismos
In effect, redwoods create ecosystems within ecosystems
En efecto, las secoyas crean ecosistemas dentro de ecosistemas
That's how highly connected they are within the network of
así de conectados están en la red de todas las interacciones biológicas
all biological interactions along the Pacific Coast
a lo largo de costa del Pacífico.
These species and many others were discovered by accident
Estas especies y muchas más, fueron descubiertas por accidente
by misguided human actions leading to their removal.
por equivocaciones humanas que llevaron a su remoción
Resulting in negative downstream consequences due to their absence.
resultando en consecuencias negativas causadas por su ausencia
But it doesn't have to be that way.
Pero no tiene que ser así
Tools from Network Science now allow us to identify keystone species
Ahora, herramientas de ciencia de redes nos permiten identificar especies clave
using information about the interactions that connect members of an ecosystem.
usando la información de las interacciones que conectan a miembros de un ecosistema.
Such as when on spices feeds on another or relies on another for its survival.
como cuando una especie se alimenta de otra o depende de otra para su supervivencia
Using this network approach we don't have to wait for the accidents to realize
Usando este enfoque de redes, no tenemos que esperar por accidentes
what drives the ecosystem health.
para entender qué dirige la salud de un ecosistema.
Understanding keystone species can help us explore ways
Entender el concepto de especies clave puede ayudarnos
to restore biodiversity that sustains us.
a explorar maneras de restaurar la diversidad que nos mantiene.
And here, at the Santa Fe Institute we'd like to apply concepts across disciplinary boundaries so we can use the idea of keystone species to
Aquí en el Instituto de Santa Fé, nos gusta aplicar conceptos entre disciplinas Podemos usar la idea de especies clave para entender:
understand how innovations revolutionized economy or how life itself began on earth.
cómo la innovación revoluciona economías o cómo la vida misma comenzó en la tierra.
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