Pronoun-antecedent agreement | Syntax | Khan AcademyYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
Education  173.3K views 567 likes 71 dislikes   23 Aug 2016
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Contributed subtitles
Polish Justyna Bober
KhanAcademyPoPolsku
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- [Voiceover] Hello Grammarians, hello visiting cousin Beth.
- Witam Gramatycy, cześć kuzynko Beth.
- [Voiceover] Hello cousin David.
- Witam kuzynie Dawidzie.
- [Voiceover] So today we're gonna be talking about
- Więc dzisiaj będziemy mówić o
pronoun-antecedent agreement.
zgodzie zaimka z poprzednikiem rzeczownikiem.
- [Voiceover] And what is that?
- A co to jest?
- [Voiceover] An antecedent is a thing that goes before.
- poprzednik to taki wyraz, który "idzie przed".
So ante, mean before, and cedent, is like a going-ee thing.
Więc "ante", znaczy "przed" a "cedent" jest jak coś kontynuującego.
What I mean by that is that if we're talking about,
Mam na myśli to, że mówimy
if we setup something in a sentence.
coś o konfigurowaniu zdania.
So okay, we've got a sentence like Jillian rode her bike
Więc dobrze, mamy zdanie takie jak: "Jillian jechała na rowerze
to the grocery store.
do sklepu spożywczego."
Fine, straight up sentence, pretty ordinary.
Dobrze, takie proste zdanie, całkiem zwyczajne.
If we wanna refer to Jillian again, but we want to use
Jeśli chcemy odnieść się do Jillian ponownie, ale chcemy wykorzystać
a pronoun, well, we refer to Jillian as she.
zaimek, dobrze, odniesiemy się do Jillian jak do niej.
That's a women's name, so she.
To nazwa dla kobiet, więc "she" - ona.
She bought some garlic and a spoon, like you normally
Kupiła trochę czosnku i łyżkę, jak zwykle,
would when you go to the grocery store.
gdy idziesz do sklepu spożywczego.
When we talk about this pronoun she,
Kiedy mówimy o tym zaimku "ona"
in relation to this word, this proper noun Jillian,
w stosunku do tego słowa, do nazwy własnej Jillian.
Jillian is the antecedent, is the thing that goes before
Jillian jest poprzednikiem, jest to rzecz, która idzie przed
the pronoun she, so that whenever you use a pronoun,
zaimkiem "ona" tak, że kiedy używasz zaimka,
you are referring back to something else,
masz na myśli powrót do czegoś innego,
the thing that went before, the antecedent,
do rzeczy, która była wcześniej, do poprzednika,
the thing that has come previously.
do rzeczy, która już się pojawiła.
So you want to make sure that these things match up.
Więc chcesz się upewnić, że te rzeczy się zgadzają.
So for example, we know from living in this culture,
Tak na przykład, wiemy, żyjąc w tej kulturze,
that Jillian is a women's name, so it would probably be
że Jillian jest kobiecym imieniem, więc będzie to prawdopodobnie
incorrect to refer to her has he.
nieprawidłowe w odniesieniu do niej powiedzieć "he" - on.
Jillian rode her bike to the grocery store,
Jillian jechała na rowerze do sklepu spożywczego,
he bought some garlic and a spoon.
kupił trochę czosnku i łyżkę.
This sounds like we're talking about someone else.
Brzmi to tak, jak byśmy mówili o kimś innym.
So even within this initial sentence too,
Tak więc nawet w tym pierwszym zdaniu
Jillian rode her bike to the grocery store.
"Jillian jechała na rowerze do sklepu spożywczego."
We're referring back to Jillian using this
Nawiązujemy do Jillian za pomocą "her"
possessive pronoun to define the bicycle.
zaimka dzierżawczego, odnoszącego się do roweru.
- [Voiceover] Because it's a longer sentence.
- Ponieważ to już dłuższe zdanie.
- [Voiceover] We're using it to demonstrate
- Wykorzystamy je do wykazania
the relationship between Jillian and the bicycle.
związku pomiędzy Jillian i rowerem.
- [Voiceover] Gotcha.
- Zgoda.
- [Voiceover] You also wanna to make sure that pronouns
- Też chcę upewnić się, że zaimki
and their antecedent agree in number,
i ich poprzednik zgadzają się co do liczby,
so if you said, what's a fun animal?
więc czy możesz powiedzieć, co jest zabawnym zwierzęciem?
- [Voiceover] Monkeys.
- Małpy.
- [Voiceover] Monkeys.
- Małpy.
So the monkeys threw snowballs, but they had crummy aim.
Więc: "Małpy rzucały śnieżkami, ale kiepsko im szło".
So we're using they to refer back to the monkeys,
Więc używamy zaimka "they" - im, które odsyła nas do małp,
so this thing is a plural noun, right?
tak, to jest to rzeczownik w liczbie mnogiej, prawda?
We're referring to multiple monkeys, so it would be
Odnosimy się do wielu małp, więc byłoby
incorrect to say the monkeys threw snowballs,
nieprawidłowo powiedzieć: "Małpy rzucały śnieżkami,
but it had crummy aim, because this makes it seem
ale kiepsko mu szło", ponieważ użycie takiego zaimka,
like we're talking about one monkey, when in fact,
sugeruje, że jest jedna małpa, podczas gdy w rzeczywistości
we're talking about an army of snowball chucking monkeys.
mówimy o armii małp rzucających śnieżkami.
We got our little monkey, maybe a calobus or diana monkey.
Mamy naszą małą małpkę z rodziny koczkodanów,
Got a little tuft, it's throwing a snowball.
ma taki pęk włosów tu, rzucającą śnieżki.
And if that's an Old World monkey, it probably doesn't
A jeśli to małpka ze starego świata, to chyba nie
have a fancy tail, this one has a little tail.
ma takiego fantazyjnego ogona, ta jedna ma mały ogon.
Let's say we have a whole bunch of them,
Załóżmy, że mamy całą masę ich,
we want to make sure that we are operating under
chcemy upewnić się, że działamy
the standards of agreement.
według standardów zgody.
Beth, any questions?
Beth, jakieś pytania?
- [Voiceover] So you can't have it anymore,
- Więc nie można mieć "it" - ono,
because now you've got four monkeys.
bo teraz masz cztery małpy.
- [Voiceover] Right, let me get rid of that.
- Brawo, pozwól mi pozbyć się tego wyrazu.
What should it be instead Beth?
Co powinno być zamiast, Beth?
- [Voiceover] They, because they is plural,
- One - "they" dlatego, że to jest liczba mnoga,
and we don't know if they're he's or she's.
i nie wiemy, czy to on lub ona.
- [Voiceover] And even if we didn't,
- A nawet jeśli wiemy,
they kind of eliminates any kind of gender distinction.
słowo "they" eliminuje wszelkie rozróżnienia płci.
- [Voiceover] Oh right.
- O, tak.
- [Voiceover] So the monkeys threw snowballs,
- Tak: "Małpy rzucały śnieżkami,
but they had crummy aim.
ale kiepsko im szło."
Although these monkeys seem to be doing pretty good
Chociaż te małpy wypadają całkiem dobrze
at hitting each others in the heads,
uderzając się nawzajem po głowach,
the tails, with their snowballs.
ogonach, śnieżkami.
So that's pronoun-antecedent agreement.
Więc to zgoda zaimka z poprzednikiem.
So remember to make sure to line things up
Dlatego należy pamiętać, aby upewnić się, żeby dopasować wyrazy
when relevant by gender.
pod względem rodzaju.
Jillian wrote her bike, she bought some garlic and a spoon.
"Jillian jeździła swoim rowerem, ona kupiła trochę czosnku i łyżkę."
And by number, so the monkeys threw snowballs,
I pod względem liczby, więc "Małpy rzucały śnieżkami,
but they had crummy aim.
ale kiepsko im szło".
There's more than one monkey, so you'd wanna use
Jest więcej niż jedna małpa,
the plural third person pronoun.
liczba mnoga zaimka trzeciej osoby.
You can learn anything.
Wszystkiego można się nauczyć.
David out.
David koniec.
- [Voiceover] And Beth out.
-I Beth koniec.
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