Metallic Solids Bozeman Science English (auto-generated) English

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Education 48.5K views 335 likes 10 dislikes 24 Aug 2013

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hi it's mr. Andersen and this is

chemistry essentials video 24 it's on metallic solids like this big gold

Hi. It's Mr. Andersen and this is chemistry essentials video 24. It's on metallic solids. Like this

nugget that was found and so it's shiny conducts electricity

big gold nugget that was found. And so it's shiny. It conducts electricity. We've always

we've always been fascinated with metals and we also can bend metals to our will

been fascinated with metals. And we also can bend metals to our will. In other words we

in other words we could mix gold with silver and we get something called electrum and today we can mix gold with

could mix gold with silver. And we get something called electrum. And today we can mix gold

things like nickel magnesium palladium and we can get white gold and so we can

with things like nickel, magnesium, palladium and we can get white gold. And so we can form

form these alloys of metals and so metallic solids are built on this

these alloys of metals. And so metallic solids are built on this electron sea model where

electron see model where all those electrons are free able to move around and that gives them lots of different

all those electrons are free. Able to move around. And that gives them lots of different

properties they're shiny good conductors they're ductile they're malleable and

properties. They're shiny, good conductors. They're ductal. They're malleable. And they

they can form these alloys and that's all built on this idea that the

can form these alloys. And that's all built on this idea that the electrons are free to

electrons are free to move about they also can form alloy the allies that they form still are going to show that

move about. They also can form alloys. The alloys that they form still are going to show

electrons see model and so they're still going to have those same properties the

that electron sea model. And so they're still going to have those same properties. The alloys

alloys can be broken down into interstitial alloys when we're actually filling holes in the middle itself with

can be broken down into interstitial alloys, when we're actually filling holes in the middle

smaller atoms or they could be substitutional substitutional is when

itself with smaller atoms. Or they could be substitutional. Substitutional is when we're

we're going to replace one of the atoms in the metal with a different atom an

going to replace one of the atoms in the metal with a different atom. An example could be

example could be brass and so the chemistry of alloys can sometimes differ

brass. And so the chemistry of alloys can sometimes differ. And so when we're making

and so when we were making stainless steel for example we can make steel that doesn't rust because of the different

stainless steel for example, we can make steel that doesn't rust because of the different

atoms that we're adding and so remember in metallic bonding we shouldn't talk

atoms that we're adding. And so remember in metallic bonding we shouldn't talk about just

about just one metallic bond and that's because all of these electrons are

one metallic bond. And that's because all of these electrons are moving around. These

moving around these free electrons and as they do they push on each other and they create this sea of electrons and

free electrons. And as they do they push on each other and they create this sea of electrons.

then the protons the nuclei are on the inside of that now they can still move

And then the protons, the nuclei, are on the inside of that. Now they can still move around.

around and it gives them those cool properties number one they're shiny why

And it gives them those cool properties. Number one they're shiny. Why are metals shiny? It's

are metal shiny it's because they have all these free electrons on their surface and so as light hits it it's

because they have all of these free electrons on their surface. And so as light hits it,

able to absorb some of that and reflect a lot of that light if we're looking at

it's able to absorb some of that and reflect a lot of that light. If we're looking at they're

their conduction that can conduct both electricity and heat and the reason why

conduction, they can conduct both electricity and heat. And the reason why is that they

is that they have high amounts of these free electrons and the atoms have a

have high amounts of these free electrons. And the atoms have a certain amount of ability

certain amount of ability to move they're ductile when you pull them they're going to stretch out like this

to move. They're ductal. When you pull them, they're going to stretch out like this. They're

they're not going to break they're not brittle they also are Mal you

not going to break. They're not brittle. They also are malleable. We can hit them. And we

we can hit them and we can smooth them out and the reason why is you can think of it almost like one big atom with all

can smooth them out. And the reason why is you can think of it almost like one big atom

these positive charges on the inside and

with all of these positive charges on the inside. And electrons holding them where they

electrons holding them where they are and so these protons have the ability to move or these nuclei have the ability to

are. And so these protons have these ability to move. Or these nuclei have these ability

move and also they can form alloys and we've known this for years that we can

to move. And also they can form alloys. And we've known this for years. That we can heat

heat different metals and we can different characteristics from that and

different metals and we can get different characteristics from that. And so electrum

so electron will remember is an example of mixing gold with silver but we can

remember is an example of mixing gold with silver. But we can break these alloys into

break these alloys into basically two different parts we can have what are called interstitial alloys interstitial

basically two different parts. We can have what are called interstitial alloys. Interstitial

alloys a great example would be steel what we're doing when we're heating it

alloy, a great example would be steel. What we're doing when we're heating it up is we're

up is we're allowing carbon to fill the holes inside that iron and what it does is increase the density and it's going

allowing carbon to fill the holes inside that iron. And what it does is increase the density.

to make it a better metal another type of metal are going to be substitutional

And it's going to make it a better metal. Another type of metal is going to be substitutional

alloys substitutional alloys is when we're taking in atoms that are about the

alloys. Substitutional alloys is when we're taking atoms that are about the same size.

same size so if we take copper and we add zinc to it then we can make brass

So if we take copper, and we add zinc to it, then we can make brass. It's going to have

it's going to have different characteristics than those metals by themselves stainless steel is formed the

different characteristics than those metals by themselves. Stainless steel is formed in

same kind of a way if we take stainless steel and we add atoms to it we get a

the same kind of a way. If we take iron and we add atoms to it, we get a metal that looks

metal that looks like that what type is that well it's a combination it's

like that. Which type is that? Well it's a combination. It's interstitial because we're

interstitial because we're going to have this carbon but it's also going to be substitutional because we have chromium

going to have this carbon. But it's also going to be substitutional because we have chromium

and nickel and what that's going to do is allow it to not interact with oxygen

and nickel. And what that's going to do is allow it to not interact with oxygen. It's

it's not going to allow it to rust and so we can create a steel that doesn't

not going to allow it to rust. And so we can create a steel that doesn't rust as much over

rust as much over time did you learn to compare the properties and constituent

time. Did you learn to compare the properties and constituents of elements in alloys. Those

elements in an alloy those atoms could either fit on the inside interstitial alloys or it could be substitutional and

atoms could either fit on the inside, interstitial alloys or it could be substitutional. And

then going back to metals do you understand this whole electron model and

then going back to metals. Do you understand this whole electron model? And how we can

how we can use that to predict the different properties of metals well if you do and you understand metallic

use that to predict the different properties of metals? Well if you do, then you understand

solids and I hope that was helpful

metallic solids and I hope that was helpful.

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