Unit 2, Topic 2, Route Finding Question knowitvideos English Danish

Unit 2, Topic 2, Route Finding QuestionYouTube↗ IA↗(long shot)
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And the answer is no.

Og svaret er nej.

There is no solution that the agent can come up with

Der findes ingen løsning, som agenten kan udlede,

because Bucharest doesn't appear on the map,

for Bukarest optræder ikke på kortet,

and so the agent doesn't know any actions that can arrive there.

så agenten kender ikke til nogen handlinger der kan bringe den derhen.

So let's give the agent a better chance.

Så lad os give agenten en bedre chance.

Now we've given the agent the full map of Romania.

Nu har vi givet agenten hele kortet over Rumænien.

To start, he's in Arad, and the destination--or goal--is in Bucharest.

Til at begynde med er han i Arad, og destinationen--eller målet--er i Bukarest.

And the agent is given the problem of coming up with a sequence of actions

Og agenten får til opgave at finde en sekvens af handlinger

that will arrive at the destination.

der bringer den frem til destinationen.

Now, is it possible for the agent to solve this problem?

Er det nu muligt for agenten at løse denne opgave?

And the answer is yes.

Og svaret er ja.

There are many routes or steps or sequences of actions that will arrive at the destination.

Der er mange ruter, eller trin eller handlingssekvenser, der vil bringe den frem til destinationen.

Here is one of them:

Her er en af dem:

Starting out in Arad, taking this step first, then this one, then this one,

Vi begynder i Arad, tager dette skridt først, så dette, så dette,

then this one, and then this one to arrive at the destination.

så dette, og så dette for at ankomme til destinationen.

So that would count as a solution to the problem.

Så det ville tælle som en løsning på problemet.

So sequence of actions, chained together, that are guaranteed to get us to the goal.

Altså en sekvens af handlinger, sammenkædede, der garanterer at vi når frem til målet.

[DEFINITION OF A PROBLEM]

[DEFINITIONEN PÅ ET PROBLEM]

Now let's formally define what a problem looks like.

Lad os nu formelt definere hvordan et problem ser ud.

A problem can be broken down into a number of components.

Et problem kan brydes ned til et antal komponenter.

First, the initial state that the agent starts out with.

Først har vi initial-tilstanden, som agenten begynder i.

In our route finding problem, the initial state was the agent being in the city of Arad.

I vores ruteplanlægningsproblem var initial-tilstanden at agenten befandt sig i byen Arad.

Next, a function--Actions--that takes a state as input and returns

Dernæst en funktion--'Handlinger'--som tager en tilstand som input og returnerer

a set of possible actions that the agent can execute when the agent is in this state.

et sæt af mulige handlinger, som agenten kan udføre når den befinder sig i denne tilstand.

[ACTIONS (s) {a,a2,a3...}]

[HANDLINGER (s) {a,a2,a3...}]

In some problems, the agent will have the same actions available in all states

I nogle problemer vil agenten have de samme handlingsmuligheder i alle tilstande,

and in other problems, he'll have different actions dependent on the state.

og i andre problemer vil den have forskellige handlinger afhængig af tilstanden.

In the route finding problem, the actions are dependent on the state.

I ruteplanlægningsproblemet afhænger handlingerne af tilstanden.

When we're in one city, we can take the routes to the neighboring cities--

Når vi er i én by, kan vi tage ruterne til nabobyerne--

but we can't go to any other cities.

men vi kan ikke tage til andre byer end dem.

Next we have a function called Result, which takes, as input, a state and an action

Dernæst har vi en funktion kaldet 'Resultat,' der som input tager en tilstand og en handling

and delivers, as its output, a new state.

og returnerer, som output, en ny tilstand.

So, for example, if the agent is in the city of Arad, and takes--that would be the state--

Så hvis agenten fx er i byen Arad og tager--det ville være tilstanden--

and takes the action of driving along Route E-671 towards Timisoara,

og udfører den handling at køre ad Rute E-671 mod Timisoara,

then the result of applying that action in that state would be the new state--

så vil resultatet af at udføre den handling i den tilstand være en ny tilstand--

where the agent is in the city of Timisoara.

hvor agenten befinder sig i byen Timisoara.

Next, we need a function called Goal Test,

Dernæst har vi brug for en funktion kaldet 'Måltest,'

which takes a state and returns a Boolean value--

der modtager en tilstand og returnerer en Booleansk værdi--

true or false--telling us if this state is a goal or not.

sandt eller falsk--som indikerer hvorvidt denne tilstand er måltilstanden eller ej.

In a route-finding problem, the only goal would be being in the destination city--

I et ruteplanlægningsproblem ville det eneste mål være at befinde sig i destinationsbyen--

the city of Bucharest--and all the other states would return false for the Goal Test.

byen Bukarest--og alle andre tilstande ville returnere falsk i Måltesten.

And finally, we need one more thing which is a Path Cost function--

Og til sidst har vi brug for en ting mere, som er stiens 'Omkostningsfunktion'--

which takes a path, a sequence of state/action transitions,

der tager en sti, en sekvens af tilstand/handlings overgange,

and returns a number, which is the cost of that path.

og returnerer et tal, som er omkostningen ved den sti.

Now, for most of the problems we'll deal with, we'll make the Path Cost function be additive

For de fleste af de problemer vi skal se, vil vi gøre stiens omkostningsfunktion additiv

so that the cost of the path is just the sum of the costs of the individual steps.

så omkostningen ved stien bare er summen af omkostningerne ved de individuelle trin.

And so we'll implement this Path Cost function, in terms of a Step Cost function.

Så derfor vil vi implementere denne 'Stiens Omkostningfunktion' i form af en 'Trinnets Omkostningsfunktion.'

The Step Cost function takes a state, an action, and the resulting state from that action

Trinnets omkostningsfunktion modtager en tilstand, en handling og den tilstand som handlingen resulterer i,

and returns a number--n--which is the cost of that action.

og returnerer et tal--n--som er omkostningen ved den handling.

In the route finding example, the cost might be the number of miles traveled

I ruteplanlægningseksemplet kunne omkostningen være antallet af kilometer man har rejst,

or maybe the number of minutes it takes to get to that destination.

eller måske antallet af minutter det tager, at nå frem til destinationen.

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