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welcome to the universe effect I'm JP and today I will be exploring the topic of gravity gravity is defined as the force that attracts a body towards the
Welcome to "The Universe Effect." I'm JP, and today I will be exploring the topic of "Gravity." Gravity is defined as "the force that attracts a body towards the center of
center of the earth or toward any other physical body having mass but what does
the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass."
this mean well mass is locked in a relationship with gravity which means
But, what does this mean? Well, mass is locked in a relationship with gravity, which means anything with mass
anything with mass has a gravitational force that spans long distances you're
has a gravitational force. It spans long distances. You're made up of matter, so
made up of matter so therefore you have your own gravitational field but what
therefore you have your own gravitational field. But what about the
about the Sun that big hunk of mass that weighs 333 thousand times the earth and
Sun? That big hunk of mass that weighsthree hundred and thirty-three thousand times
contains ninety-nine point eight six percent of all the mass in the entire
the earth, and contains 99.86 percent of all the mass in the entire Solar System?
solar system it must have more of an effect on us on earth but actually since the Sun is
It must have more of an effect on us than Earth. But actually, since the Sun is
about 92 million miles away from us and since we are so much closer to the earth
about 92 million miles away from us, and since we are so much closer to the earth
than the Sun the gravity of the Sun has minimal effect on us directly the Sun's
than the Sun, the gravity of the Sun has minimal effect on us directly.
gravity affects the planets because of their relative size and distance from
The Sun's gravity affects the planets because of their relative size and distance from
each other but wait a minute if the Sun has such a powerful gravitational force
each other. But wait a minute? If the Sun has such a powerful gravitational force,
why don't all the planets just fly
why don't all of the planets just fly towards it?
towards it well from our observations on earth gravity creates an attractive
Well, from our observations on earth, gravity creates an attractive nature to mass.
nature to mass but there's a different
But there's a different story.
story imagine a sheet of spandex stretched across a circular frame the spandex will
Imagine a sheet of spandex stretched across a circular frame. The spandex will
represent something we call space-time the fabric of space and time and in our
represent something we call "space-time," the fabric of space and time, and in our case
case the spandex of space and time moving on when nothing is on the spandex
the spandex of space and time. Moving on, when nothing is on the spandex sheet, it
sheet it stands still but we add a mass
stands still,
to the sheet the fabric curves this is
but when you add a mass to the sheet, the fabric curves. This is actually how gravity
actually how gravity works in the universe the only difference however is that our
works in the universe. The only difference, however, is that our fabric is
fabric is just one plane of space-time in the universe there are space-time
just one plane of space-time. In the universe, there are space-time planes
planes surrounding the entire mass in at least four dimensions we can also
surrounding the entire mass in at least four dimensions. We can also discover how
discover how orbits work in the middle of our sheet we place a fairly large weight then we ready a smaller object in
orbits work. In the middle of our sheet we place a fairly large weight, then we ready
the shape of a sphere when the sphere is
a smaller object in the shape of a sphere. When the sphere is shot into the warp
shot into the warp of the fabric it
of the fabric, it
revolves around the center in an elliptical orbit the small mass is being
revolves around the center in an elliptical orbit. The small mass is being
attracted by the large mass but has enough speed to direct itself away and
attracted by the large mass, but has enough speed to direct itself away and
miss the target all to get orbits decay at a smaller rate in the
miss the target altogether. Orbits decay at a smaller rate in the universe than
universe than on our sheet of spandex we've been talking a lot about mass in
on our sheet of spandex. We've been talking a lot about mass in this episode, but
this episode but what is this mysterious thing so far all of the known matter in
what is this mysterious thing? So far, all of the known matter in the universe is
the universe is contained in the standard model of fundamental particles we mainly interact with four of these
contained in the standard model of fundamental particles. We mainly interact
particles on a daily basis they are the up quark down quark electron and photon
with four of these particles on a daily basis. They are the up quark, down quark, electron, and
our periodic elements are also composed of the upcourt down quark and electron
photon. Our periodic elements are also composed of the up quark, down quark, and
and all of them have mass but the mass is just energy we can show this by using
electron, and all of them have mass. But the mass is just energy. We can show this by
the famous equation created by Albert Einstein e equals MC squared or energy
using the famous equation created by Albert Einstein, E=mc^2, or
equals mass times the speed of light squared and by rearranging this we can
energy = mass times the speed of light squared. And, by rearranging this, we
find that mass equals energy divided by the speed of light squared let's talk
can find that mass = energy, divided by the speed of light squared. Let's talk
about something else you may have heard about the observation that the universe
about something else. You may have heard about the observation that the universe
is expanding at an accelerated rate if gravity truly is a long-range force why
is expanding at an accelerated rate. If gravity truly is a long range force, why
doesn't all the matter in the universe just collapse onto itself the answer is
doesn't all the matter in the universe just collapse onto itself? The answer is
something we like to call dark energy let's go back to our spandex spacetime
something we like to call, "dark energy." Let's go back to our spandex space-time
representation as you saw before mass has the sheet warped downward so the
representation. As you saw before, mass has the sheet warped downward so the
sphere will be attracted to it dark
sphere will be attracted to it.
energy on the other hand is the opposite
Dark energy, on the other hand, is the opposite of gravity.
of gravity it warps in the opposite direction pushing matter away we hypothesize that
It warps in the opposite direction, pushing matter away. We hypothesize that
there is more dark energy in the universe than gravity as of yet we do
there is more dark energy in the universe than gravity. As of yet, we do
not know what causes dark energy or gravity so what does this mean for us
not know what causes dark energy or gravity. So what does this mean for us?
well due to the third law of thermodynamics the entropy of the system
Well, due to the third law of thermodynamics
approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero
"the entropy system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero,"
basically the matter and the energy of the universe will continually spread
basically, the matter and the energy of the universe will continually spread
apart until everything is equidistant from each other and the universe is at a
apart until everything is equidistant from each other, and the universe is at a
constant this is called thermodynamic equilibrium enough about the death of
constant. This is called "thermodynamic equilibrium." Enough about the death of the universe.
the universe let's talk about black holes black holes occur in many different scenarios most of them were
Let's talk about black holes. Black holes occur in many different scenarios, most
created as an effect of the Big Bang but
of them were created as an effect of the Big Bang, but another way is when a huge
another way is when a huge star dies and goes supernova collapsing in on itself the gravity of the star
star dies and goes supernova, collapsing in on itself. The gravity of the star pulls
around it it creates a very dense Center all the matter is condensed into one
in matter around it, and creates a very dense center. All of the matter is condensed into
infinitesimally small point which we call the singularity the gravity is so
one infinitesimally small point, which we call the "singularity." The gravity is so
great that even light cannot escape often black holes are at the center of a
great, that even light cannot escape. Often, black holes are at the center of a
galaxy allowing the solar systems to orbit there are some new theories on
galaxy, allowing a solar system to orbit. There are some new theories on black
black holes and you can check them out on this awesome video by Nova PBS if you
holes, and you can check them out on this awesome video by Nova PBS. If you like
like this video check out our monthly podcast don't forget to Like and
this video, check out our monthly podcast. Don't forget to like and subscribe!
subscribe thanks
Thanks!
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