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Science & Technology  1.8K views 6 likes 1 dislikes   25 May 2011
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Pay a visit to rocky snow-capped mountains in Hokkaido and we may hear a sharp cry from time to time.
大雪山周辺の岩場に佇むと、時折、鋭い鳴き声を耳にすることがある。
The cry belongs to the northern pika.
声の主はエゾナキウサギ。
It is difficult to catch a glimpse of this extremely cautious creature as it moves swiftly around the rocky mountain terrain.
警戒心が強く、岩場を素早く移動するため、姿を見ることは難しい。
However, every now and again it comes to a standstill as if to bask in the sunlight.
しかし時折、日向ぼっこをするように、じっと動きを止めることがある。
With small, round ears and short legs, the northern pika's primitive features make it a living fossil in comparison to other rabbits.
丸くて小さい耳、短い手足。ウサギ目の中でも原始的な形態を示す、生きた化石である。
The rabbit family is thought to have appeared around 37 million years ago in what is now known as Central Asia.
ウサギの仲間は、三千七百万年前頃、現在の中央アジア付近に現れたと考えられている。
While it is not known for certain when the evolution of common burrowing rabbits and pikas branched off,
一般的な穴ウサギとナキウサギがいつ頃分かれたのかは定かではないが、
prairie inhabiting burrowing rabbits spread from Europe to North Africa, and the cold climate inhabiting pikas spread towards Siberia.
草原性の穴ウサギはヨーロッパから北アフリカに広がり、寒冷地を好むナキウサギはシベリア方面に広がっていった。
The easily preyed upon rabbit has tended to inhabit moorlands and cold areas which have limited vegetation for food.
他の動物に襲われやすいため、ウサギの生息地は荒れ地や寒冷地に偏ったが、そこは餌となる植物も限られていた。
In order to adapt, rabbits have developed their caecum to extract nourishment from even the most indigestible twigs and tree barks.
そこでウサギは、消化の難しい小枝や樹皮からでも栄養を摂取できるように、盲腸を発達させる。
The rabbit’s caecum is home to numerous symbiotic bacteria which ferment digestive products to produce vitamins.
ウサギの盲腸には多数の共生菌が棲み、消化物を発酵させてビタミン類を創り出す。
Rabbits have adapted to moorlands by eating the fermented waste produced by their caecum.
その盲腸で発酵した便を食べることでウサギは荒れ地に適応できたのだ。
With the onset of the ice age, pikas moved south in search of new foraging grounds as ice sheet expanded.
やがて氷河時代になり、ナキウサギは氷床の拡大に合わせるように生息地を南下させる。
The existence of pikas in Hokkaido is a relic of the last ice age.
北海道にナキウサギが棲息するのは、氷河時代の名残なのだ。
The northern pika wasn’t the only living thing to cross over to Hokkaido during the ice age.
氷河時代に北海道に渡ってきたのは、エゾナキウサギだけではない。
Such birds, insects, and plants can be seen today in the snowy mountain ranges.
大雪山系では、そういった鳥、昆虫、そして植物を見ることができる。
One such plant, wild rosemary, has a surprising connection with the northern pika.
その一つ、ヒメイソツツジは、意外なところでエゾナキウサギと繋がっている。
Non-hibernating northern pika gather wild rosemary leaves to store along with caecum feces in order to supplement nutritional deficiency in winter.
冬眠しないエゾナキウサギは、冬の栄養不足を補うため、盲腸糞をイソツツジの葉と共に貯める。
Wild rosemary contains a volatile substance similar to camphor that prevents mold from developing on the feces.
イソツツジには、樟脳に似た揮発成分が含まれており、この作用で糞に黴が発生しないのである。
Many plants in cold areas have toxic constituents in order that they may survive in a harsh natural environment.
厳しい自然環境の中で生き延びるため、寒冷地に育つ植物には有毒成分を持つものが少なくない。
Pikas take advantage of one such example.
その一つをナキウサギは巧みに利用しているのだ。
Humans do not have such refined sensors with which to measure the natural world.
人類には、これほどまでに自然を計るセンサは無い。
However, humankind posses the power of analysis, one that goes beyond our natural limitations.
しかし人類には、分析力という種を超えた力がある。
The protection of this diverse and beautiful earth through the analysis of nature is a mission that has been entrusted to humankind.
その分析力で自然を計り、多様で美しい地球の姿を守ること、それが人類に与えられた使命といえるだろう。
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