2-Minute Neuroscience: Withdrawal ReflexYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
Science & Technology  6.1K views 254 likes 3 dislikes   05 Dec 2020
Neuroscientifically Challenged 695K subscribers United States YouTube↗


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The withdrawal reflex is an automatic response enacted to withdraw a limb from a painful
Il riflesso di ritiro è una risposta automatica emanata per ritirare un arto da uno
stimulus.
stimolo doloroso .
If, for example, you were to touch a hot stove or step on a tack, the withdrawal reflex would
Se, ad esempio, dovessi toccare una stufa calda o calpestare una virata, il riflesso di ritiro ti
cause you to pull your arm or leg away from the painful stimulus without having to consciously
farebbe allontanare il braccio o la gamba dallo stimolo doloroso senza dover
plan to do so.
pianificare consapevolmente di farlo.
The intensity of the reflex is proportional to the intensity of the painful stimulus,
L'intensità del riflesso è proporzionale all'intensità dello stimolo doloroso,
so a very hot stove would cause a more rapid and forceful withdrawal than a mildly hot
quindi una stufa molto calda provocherebbe un ritiro più rapido e forte di una
stove.
stufa leggermente calda .
The withdrawal reflex is a polysynaptic reflex, as it uses neurons called interneurons to
Il riflesso di ritiro è un riflesso polisinaptico, poiché utilizza neuroni chiamati interneuroni per
pass signals from sensory to motor neurons, creating multiple synaptic connections.
trasmettere segnali dai neuroni sensoriali a quelli motori, creando connessioni sinaptiche multiple.
The reflex begins when a painful stimulus is detected by receptors called nociceptors,
Il riflesso inizia quando uno stimolo doloroso viene rilevato da recettori chiamati nocicettori,
which are specialized to detect noxious stimuli.
specializzati per rilevare stimoli nocivi.
The activation of nociceptors leads to an action potential in a sensory neuron, which
L'attivazione dei nocicettori porta ad un potenziale d'azione in un neurone sensoriale, che
carries the signal to the spinal cord, where multiple reflex pathways are activated.
trasporta il segnale al midollo spinale, dove vengono attivate molteplici vie riflesse.
One of those pathways excites a motor neuron that activates the flexor muscle in the limb,
Uno di questi percorsi eccita un motoneurone che attiva il muscolo flessore dell'arto,
causing the limb to withdraw from the painful stimulus.
provocando il ritiro dell'arto dallo stimolo doloroso.
Another pathway inhibits the motor neuron that normally activates the opposing extensor
Un altro percorso inibisce il motoneurone che normalmente attiva il muscolo
muscle in the limb.
estensore opposto nell'arto.
This will keep the extensor muscle from counteracting the attempt of the flexor muscle to pull the
Ciò impedirà al muscolo estensore di contrastare il tentativo del muscolo flessore di tirare via l'
limb away.
arto.
Another pathway crosses over to the other side of the spinal cord, and causes the opposite
Un altro percorso attraversa l'altro lato del midollo spinale e provoca la
response to occur in the opposing limb.
risposta opposta nell'arto opposto.
In other words, the extensor muscle in the opposing limb will be activated and the flexor
In altre parole, il muscolo estensore dell'arto opposto verrà attivato e il
muscle will be inhibited.
muscolo flessore sarà inibito.
This is sometimes called the crossed-extension reflex, and it is enacted for postural support.
Questo a volte è chiamato riflesso di estensione incrociata e viene emanato per il supporto posturale.
If, for example, you are withdrawing your foot from a painful stimulus, then the other
Se, ad esempio, stai ritirando il piede da uno stimolo doloroso, l'altra
leg needs to be prepared to hold your weight.
gamba deve essere preparata a sostenere il tuo peso.
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