What if Earth were unique? (1/2) | DW DocumentaryYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
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If we just take the time to observe it,
Wenn wir uns die Zeit nehmen, sie zu beobachten,
nature provides us with a fascinating spectacle.
bietet uns die Natur ein faszinierendes Schauspiel.
If we just take the time to observe it,
Im Laufe der Zeit haben die Bewohner unseres Planeten
Over time, the inhabitants of our planet have woven complex nature provides us with a fascinating spectacle.
komplexe Beziehungen zueinander caufgebaut.
relationships of collaboration, symbiosis, dependence and predation. Over time, the inhabitants of our planet have woven complex relationships of collaboration, symbiosis, dependence and predation.
Sie arbeiten zusammen, bilden Symbiosen, sind abhängig voneinander oder fressen sich gegenseitig.
Earth is the planet of life. Running, crawling or flying,
Die Erde ist voller Leben. Es läuft, kriecht oder fliegt im Überfluss.
Earth is the planet of life. Running, crawling or flying, life abounds everywhere. But for all this beautiful diversity to have proliferated, Earth has
Doch damit sich diese wunderbare Vielfalt so üppig ausbreiten konnte,
life abounds everywhere.
musste die Erde rund vier Milliarden Jahre lang
had to provide a favourable environment for around four billion years. But for all this beautiful diversity to have proliferated, Earth has had to provide a favourable environment for around four billion years.
ein dafür günstiges Umfeld bieten.
What, then, were the conditions which enabled the blooming of life on Earth?
Welche Bedingungen waren nötig, um die Entfaltung des Lebens auf der Erde zu ermöglichen?
What, then, were the conditions which enabled the blooming of life on Earth? And could these conditions be present elsewhere,
Könnten sie auch anderswo vorhanden sein
resulting in alternative ecosystems? And could these conditions be present elsewhere,
und zu alternativen Ökosystemen führen?
resulting in alternative ecosystems?
Wissenschaftler versuchen, diese Fragen zu beantworten
In an attempt to answer these questions, scientists scour the cosmos
und durchforsten den Kosmos nach Anzeichen von Leben.
for signs of life. In an attempt to answer these questions, scientists scour the cosmos They’ve built giant telescopes with which to probe the universe and listen
Sie haben riesige Teleskope gebaut, mit denen sie das Universum erforschen
for signs of life. to the whispering of the stars. But space has remained resolutely silent.
und dem Flüstern der Sterne lauschen können.
They’ve built giant telescopes with which to probe the universe and listen to the whispering of the stars. But space has remained resolutely silent.
Doch der Weltraum hüllt sich in eisiges Schweigen.
Scientists have sent probes to the very edges of our Solar System.
Es wurden Sonden an den äußersten Rand unseres Sonnensystems geschickt.
But all they have sent back have been images of planets inimical to life Scientists have sent probes to the very edges of our Solar System. But all they have sent back have been images of planets inimical to life
Doch alles, was sie zurückgesendet haben, waren Bilder von Planeten, auf denen Leben nicht möglich ist.
Over the last 25 years, however, astronomers have discovered thousands of incredibly diverse planets, in our galaxy alone.
In den letzten 25 Jahren haben Astro- nomen jedoch allein in unserer Galaxie
Over the last 25 years, however, astronomers have discovered thousands of incredibly diverse planets, in our galaxy alone. So many strange worlds, with no sign of life. Not one other planet similar
Tausende von unglaublich vielfältigen Planeten entdeckt. So viele seltsame Welten, ohne jedes Anzeichen von Leben
So many strange worlds, with no sign of life. Not one other planet similar to our own. So could it be that Earth really is unique?
Kein einziger dieser Planeten ähnelt unserem eigenen.
to our own. So could it be that Earth really is unique? In this programme scientists will tell the fascinating story of how Earth
Könnte es also sein, dass die Erde wirklich einzigartig ist? In diesem Film erzählen uns Wissen- schaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler
In this programme scientists will tell the fascinating story of how Earth developed, how this ball of ice and dust became the planet of life.
die faszinierende Geschichte von der Entstehung der Erde;
developed, how this ball of ice and dust became the planet of life.
wie diese Kugel aus Eis und Staub zum Planeten wurde,
In their laboratories or out on the ground, they continue their research
der Leben hervorbrachte.
into the extraordinary circumstances which allowed life to appear and In their laboratories or out on the ground, they continue their research
In ihren Labors oder vor Ort in der Natur erforschen sie
eventually transform this planet. into the extraordinary circumstances which allowed life to appear and
die das Entstehen von Leben ermöglichten und die Erde letztlich verwandelten.
eventually transform this planet. - We're trying to understand, with all the possible outcomes, what it was that made the uniqueness of our system. - We're trying to understand, with all the possible outcomes, what it was that
Wir versuchen anhand unserer Ergebnisse zu verstehen, was die Einzigartigkeit unseres Systems ausmacht.
- It seems like Earth's climate fixed itself to always be favourable to life. made the uniqueness of our system.
Das Klima auf der Erde scheint sich so eingestellt zu haben,
That's amazing. - It seems like Earth's climate fixed itself to always be favourable to life.
dass es für das Leben immer günstig ist. Erstaunlich. Jeder Wissenschaftler wird aus der Sicht
Each will explain the incredible saga from the viewpoint of their own That's amazing.
seiner eigenen Fachdisziplin erklären.
discipline. From the birth of our planet to today’s ecosystems, it’s a story Each will explain the incredible saga from the viewpoint of their own
Von der Geburt unseres Planeten bis zu den heutigen Ökosystemen wurde die Entwicklung der Erde
discipline. From the birth of our planet to today’s ecosystems, it’s a story punctuated by an incredible succession of lucky accidents.
von einer beeindruckenden Abfolge glücklicher Zwischenfälle geprägt.
punctuated by an incredible succession of lucky accidents. There's the analogy with the lottery. The probability of winning is tiny.
Man könnte es mit einer Lotterie vergleichen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu gewinnen ist winzig.
So in the game of planetary formation, forming a solar system with our Earth is There's the analogy with the lottery. The probability of winning is tiny.
Die Entstehung des Sonnensystems mit unserer Erde
like winning the lottery. So in the game of planetary formation, forming a solar system with our Earth is
ist also so etwas wie ein Lottogewinn. Erst jetzt fügen die Wissenschaftler die verschiedenen Kapitel
Scientists are only now fitting together all the various chapters of this turbulent like winning the lottery.
dieser turbulenten Geschichte zusammen:
Scientists are only now fitting together all the various chapters of this turbulent history, our history, that of a succession of helpful nudges, lucky chances and
die Geschichte einer Abfolge von hilfreichen Schupsern, Glücksfällen und segensreicher Katastrophen.
history, our history, that of a succession of helpful nudges, lucky chances and beneficial cataclysms.
Ohne die Hilfe von Jupiter und Saturn, ohne den Mond,
Without a helping hand from Jupiter and Saturn, without the Moon, without beneficial cataclysms.
ohne auf die Erde zurasende Kometen, die Kraft der Vulkane,
hurtling comets, without the power of volcanoes, without the genius of certain Without a helping hand from Jupiter and Saturn, without the Moon, without
ohne die Genialität bestimmter Mikroorganismen...
microorganisms? we would not be here. hurtling comets, without the power of volcanoes, without the genius of certain
Ohne all das wären wir nicht hier.
- It's possible that life is a one-off, existing nowhere else, that only our microorganisms? we would not be here.
Möglicherweise ist das Leben etwas Einmaliges. Und vielleicht besitzt nur unser Planet alle Voraussetzungen
planet has all the conditions necessary for life as we know it. - It's possible that life is a one-off, existing nowhere else, that only our
für das Leben, wie wir es kennen.
planet has all the conditions necessary for life as we know it.
In diesem Sinne ist die Erde wohl einzigartig.
- In that sense, Earth is probably unique. Although we may detect some life
Selbst wenn wir anderswo Leben entdecken sollten,
elsewhere, it will necessarily be completely different. - In that sense, Earth is probably unique. Although we may detect some life
wird es zwangsläufig völlig anders sein.
elsewhere, it will necessarily be completely different. It was this mind-blowing series of improbable events that made Earth the
Es war eine Reihe von atemberauben- den und unwahrscheinlichen Ereignissen
possibly unique life-bearing planet it now is. It was this mind-blowing series of improbable events that made Earth the possibly unique life-bearing planet it now is.
die die Erde zum vielleicht einzigen lebensspendenden Planeten machte.
The idea that Earth may indeed be unique could have been spawned by this famous photo taken on the Apollo 8 mission in 1968. The idea that Earth may indeed be unique could have been spawned by this famous photo taken on the Apollo 8 mission in 1968.
Die Annahme, dass die Erde einzigartig sein könnte, ist möglicherweise durch dieses berühmte Foto entstanden, das 1968 bei der Apollo 8-Mission aufgenommen wurde.
It changed our way of looking at Earth. There is our planet,
Es hat unsere Sichtweise auf die Erde verändert und zeigt unseren Planet,
floating like an oasis in the magnificent emptiness of space. It changed our way of looking at Earth. There is our planet,
der wie eine Oase in der überwäl- tigenden Leere des Weltraums schwebt.
floating like an oasis in the magnificent emptiness of space. For the first time, there we all were — bacteria, mammals, insects and plants — For the first time, there we all were — bacteria, mammals, insects and plants —
Zum ersten Mal waren wir alle — Bakterien, Säugetiere, Insekten und Pflanzen —
on the same photo.
auf demselben Foto vereint.
Our planet... a unique ecosystem. And even today, this photo hints that Earth, on the same photo.
Unser Planet; ein einzigartiges Ökosystem.
Our planet... a unique ecosystem. And even today, this photo hints that Earth, veiled with clouds and enveloped in its thin atmosphere,
Noch heute lässt dieses Foto vermuten, dass die Erde, von Wolken und ihrer dünnen Atmosphäre umhüllt,
could be alone in the universe. veiled with clouds and enveloped in its thin atmosphere, The first reason Earth was able to become this welcoming blue sphere is
allein im Universum sein könnte.
could be alone in the universe.
Der wichtigste Grund dafür,
because it’s at just the right distance from the Sun, in a narrow zone not too The first reason Earth was able to become this welcoming blue sphere is because it’s at just the right distance from the Sun, in a narrow zone not too hot and not too cold, where the temperatures are compatible with liquid
dass die Erde zu diesem einladenden blauen Himmelskörper werden konnte, ist, dass sie genau in der richtigen Entfernung zur Sonne liegt, in einem schmalen, nicht zu heißen und nicht zu kalten Bereich,
water and life. hot and not too cold, where the temperatures are compatible with liquid But planetologists have discovered that Earth’s very presence in this Goldilocks
in dem die Temperaturen flüssiges Wasser und Leben ermöglichen.
water and life. zone is itself due to an amazing stroke of luck. But planetologists have discovered that Earth’s very presence in this Goldilocks
Planetologen haben entdeckt, dass die Lage der Erde in der habitablen Zone
zone is itself due to an amazing stroke of luck.
einem erstaunlichen Glücksfall zu verdanken ist.
When the Solar System was still young, this zone came close to being taken over When the Solar System was still young, this zone came close to being taken over by the planet Jupiter. So how was Earth able to form here? by the planet Jupiter. So how was Earth able to form here?
In einer frühen Phase der Entstehung des Sonnensystems wäre diese Zone beinahe vom Planeten Jupiter besetzt worden. Wie also gelang es der Erde, sich hier zu bilden?
Research into the answer to this puzzle has been carried out at Nice observatory. Research into the answer to this puzzle has been carried out at Nice observatory.
Im Observatorium von Nizza wurde nach einer Antwort auf diese Frage gesucht.
Alessandro Morbidelli has written a new account of the birth of our Solar System.
Alessandro Morbidelli hat eine neue Beschreibung
Alessandro Morbidelli has written a new account of the birth of our Solar System. - Working on the origin of planetary systems is like being a detective. You
der Entstehung unseres Sonnensystems verfasst. Wenn man sich mit der Entstehung des Planetensystems befasst, ist das wie die Arbeit eines Kriminalisten,
arrive at the crime scene, and use the clues to try to work out what happened. - Working on the origin of planetary systems is like being a detective. You
der versucht am Tatort herauszufinden, was passiert ist.
arrive at the crime scene, and use the clues to try to work out what happened. From our Solar System as it is, we try to reconstruct how it formed and developed. When we come up with a scenario, we get a shiver of
Ausgehend vom jetzigen Zustand unseres Sonnensystems versuchen wir zu rekonstruieren, wie es sich gebildet und entwickelt hat.
From our Solar System as it is, we try to reconstruct how it formed
Uns läuft dabei oft ein Schauer über den Rücken, wenn wir glauben,
excitement, thinking that maybe we've got close to what actually happened. and developed. When we come up with a scenario, we get a shiver of excitement, thinking that maybe we've got close to what actually happened.
uns dem angenähert zu haben, was tatsächlich passiert ist.
Planetologists start from the present position of the planets, attempting to
Planetologen gehen von der gegen- wärtigen Position der Planeten aus
hypothesise a scenario of the Solar System’s formation with the help of Planetologists start from the present position of the planets, attempting to
und versuchen, mit Hilfe von Computer- simulationen ein Szenario für die
computer simulations. hypothesise a scenario of the Solar System’s formation with the help of
Entstehung des Sonnensystems zu entwerfen.
Our Solar System, like all planetary systems, formed from a cloud of gas and computer simulations.
Unser Sonnensystem hat sich, wie alle Planetensysteme,
Our Solar System, like all planetary systems, formed from a cloud of gas and
aus einer Wolke aus Gas und Staub gebildet,
dust that surrounded the young Sun 4.5 billion years ago. dust that surrounded the young Sun 4.5 billion years ago.
die vor 4,5 Milliarden Jahren die damals noch junge Sonne umgab.
But our Solar System seems to have a very different structure from the
Doch unser Sonnensystem scheint eine ganz andere Struktur zu haben
majority of planetary systems discovered over the last few years. But our Solar System seems to have a very different structure from the majority of planetary systems discovered over the last few years. We now think that our Solar System is pretty magic! A lot of chance events
als die meisten der in den letzten Jahren entdeckten Planetensysteme. Unser Sonnensystem umgibt ein gewisser Zauber! Viele zufällige Ereignisse mussten geschehen,
had to happen for it to be as it is. This suggests that our Solar System isn't a We now think that our Solar System is pretty magic! A lot of chance events
damit es so werden konnte, wie es ist. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, dass es kein typisches Planetensystem ist,
had to happen for it to be as it is. This suggests that our Solar System isn't a typical planetary system, but a relatively rare one.
sondern ein eher seltenes.
typical planetary system, but a relatively rare one. When we look at planets around other stars, we see that planets of a similar
Sieht man sich Planeten an, die um andere Sterne kreisen, findet man solche mit einer ähnlichen Masse wie die des Jupiters
mass to Jupiter are found in Earth's spot. This is important. If Jupiter was in When we look at planets around other stars, we see that planets of a similar
an dem Ort, an dem die Erde zu finden ist.
mass to Jupiter are found in Earth's spot. This is important. If Jupiter was in this spot, Earth wouldn't be here.
Wenn Jupiter an diesem Ort wäre, gäbe es die Erde nicht.
this spot, Earth wouldn't be here. The discovery, outside our Solar System, of giant planets similar to Jupiter but much closer to their star, posed a serious puzzle for astronomers, because The discovery, outside our Solar System, of giant planets similar to Jupiter but
Die Entdeckung von Riesenplaneten außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems, die dem Jupiter ähnlich sind, sich aber viel näher an ihrem Stern befinden, bedeutet für Astronomen ein großes Rätsel.
giant planets of that kind cannot form in such zones. much closer to their star, posed a serious puzzle for astronomers, because
giant planets of that kind cannot form in such zones. Planets form in a disc of gas and dust that surrounds the young star. The
Planeten bilden sich innerhalb einer Scheibe aus Gas und Staub,
giant planets form far out, where it's cold, where there's ice, which lets these
die den jungen Stern umgibt.
Planets form in a disc of gas and dust that surrounds the young star. The planets grow to a huge size. giant planets form far out, where it's cold, where there's ice, which lets these
Die großen Planeten bilden sich weit draußen, wo es kalt ist und Eis gibt. Das führt zu ihrer enormen Größe.
Like a snowball rolling down a snowy hill, the planet grows ever bigger as it planets grow to a huge size. Like a snowball rolling down a snowy hill, the planet grows ever bigger as it gathers to itself all the dust in its path.
Wie ein Schneeball, der einen verschneiten Hügel hinunterrollt, wird der Planet, während er auf seinem Weg den Staub um sich herum einsammelt immer größer.
gathers to itself all the dust in its path. When a planet gets big enough, when it acquires enough mass, it migrates
Ist ein Planet groß genug und weist genügend Masse auf,
inwards towards the star. When a planet gets big enough, when it acquires enough mass, it migrates
wandert er in Richtung Stern.
inwards towards the star. Understanding this phenomenon was a real revolution. Planetary migration
Die Entdeckung dieses Phänomens war eine echte Revolution. Die Wanderung der Planeten erklärt, warum die Mehrheit
Understanding this phenomenon was a real revolution. Planetary migration explains why the majority of giant planets discovered elsewhere in the
der entdeckten Riesenplaneten in der Galaxie
galaxy don’t stay in their distant orbits. As they form they spiral inwards towards
nicht in ihren weit entfernten Bahnen bleibt.
explains why the majority of giant planets discovered elsewhere in the
Während sie sich bilden, drehen sie sich
galaxy don’t stay in their distant orbits. As they form they spiral inwards towards their star. But in that case, why didn’t our own giant, Jupiter, migrate closer to
spiralförmig in Richtung ihres Sterns. Doch warum ist Jupiter dann nicht näher an die Sonne gewandert?
their star. But in that case, why didn’t our own giant, Jupiter, migrate closer to the Sun? Why did it stop just in time, leaving the space free the Sun? Why did it stop just in time, leaving the space free for the future Earth.
Warum hat er gerade noch rechtzeitig angehalten und den Raum für die noch nicht entstandene Erde frei gelassen? Saturn spielt eine wichtige Rolle. Auch er ist ein riesiger Planet.
- Saturn is very important. This is a giant planet too, and as we've studied the for the future Earth.
- Saturn is very important. This is a giant planet too, and as we've studied the dynamic between Jupiter and Saturn, we've realised that Saturn was able to
Wir haben die Dynamik zwischen Jupiter und Saturn untersucht und erkannt, dass Saturn die Wanderung des Jupiters gestoppt
stop Jupiter's migration and even reverse it. So, Jupiter started migrating dynamic between Jupiter and Saturn, we've realised that Saturn was able to stop Jupiter's migration and even reverse it. So, Jupiter started migrating to the Sun, but when Saturn appeared there was a complicated gravitational
und sogar umgekehrt hat. Jupiter begann zur Sonne zu wandern, doch als Saturn auftauchte, gab es einen komplizierten Gravitationseffekt,
effect which reversed the migration, and the planets moved further from the Sun. to the Sun, but when Saturn appeared there was a complicated gravitational
der die Wanderung umkehrte, und die Planeten entfernten sich wieder von der Sonne.
effect which reversed the migration, and the planets moved further from the Sun. Thanks to Saturn, the giant planet Jupiter changed trajectory. It left the
Dank Saturn änderte der Riesenplanet Jupiter seine Flugbahn.
Thanks to Saturn, the giant planet Jupiter changed trajectory. It left the inner zone of the Solar System. And it was this change of course that saved
Er verließ die innere Zone des Sonnensystems. Diese Kursänderung ermöglichte der Erde eine Zukunft.
Earth’s future. inner zone of the Solar System. And it was this change of course that saved
Ohne das Eingreifen des Saturns wäre Jupiter in der Zone gelandet,
Without the intervention of Saturn, Jupiter would have ended up in the zone Earth’s future.
in der sich die Erde jetzt befindet.
where Earth now is. Earth would never have formed, and we would not be here. Without the intervention of Saturn, Jupiter would have ended up in the zone
Die Erde hätte sich nie gebildet, und wir wären nicht hier.
where Earth now is. Earth would never have formed, and we would not be here. Our planet was luckier than its future neighbour, Mars.
Unser Planet hatte mehr Glück als sein künftiger Nachbar, der Mars.
Because on its migration Jupiter passed through the zone where Mars was forming.
Denn auf seiner Wanderung durchquerte Jupiter die Zone,
Our planet was luckier than its future neighbour, Mars.
in der sich der Mars gerade bildete.
Because on its migration Jupiter passed through the zone where Mars was forming. The giant planet swallowed up a lot of the material available, leaving only
Der Riesenplanet verschluckte einen großen Teil des verfügbaren Materials,
crumbs for Mars. Our neighbour would end up with one tenth the mass of Earth, The giant planet swallowed up a lot of the material available, leaving only
so dass für den Mars nur Krümel übrig blieben. Unser Nachbar sollte am Ende ein Zehntel der Masse der Erde haben,
crumbs for Mars. Our neighbour would end up with one tenth the mass of Earth, which in turn reduced its possibility of maintaining an atmosphere
was seine Möglichkeiten einschränkte,
favourable to life. which in turn reduced its possibility of maintaining an atmosphere
eine lebensfreundliche Atmosphäre aufrechtzuerhalten.
favourable to life. - We're understanding how planetary migration totally changes how the
Wir wissen jetzt wie die Wanderung der Planeten ihre Verteilung, ihre Größe,
planets get distributed, their size, their position in space... And the collisions
ihre Position im Raum völlig verändert.
- We're understanding how planetary migration totally changes how the
Objekte, die miteinander kollidieren,
between these objects, before they stabilise as planets, make the system planets get distributed, their size, their position in space... And the collisions
bevor sie sich zu Planeten stabilisieren, sorgen dafür,
develop in its own particular way. between these objects, before they stabilise as planets, make the system
dass sich das System auf seine ganz eigene Weise entwickelt.
develop in its own particular way. Narrowly saved by Saturn, our planet could keep on growing. And being just the right Narrowly saved by Saturn, our planet could keep on growing. And being just the right
Durch Saturn knapp gerettet, konnte die Erde weiter wachsen. Genau in der richtigen Entfernung von der Sonne zu sein,
distance from the Sun, meant that it would later have liquid water on its surface. distance from the Sun, meant that it would later have liquid water on its surface.
bedeutete dabei, dass sich später flüssiges Wasser auf ihrer Oberfläche befinden sollte.
And yet, 4.5 billion years ago our planet was completely dry.
Dennoch war unser Planet vor 4,5 Milliarden Jahren völlig trocken.
And yet, 4.5 billion years ago our planet was completely dry. It formed in the rocky zone of the Solar System, gathering up dust
Er bildete sich in einer gesteins- reichen Zone des Sonnensystems
with barely any water content. It formed in the rocky zone of the Solar System, gathering up dust So where did this water, which would later give us our oceans, come from?
und sammelte Staub mit einem geringen Wassergehalt ein.
with barely any water content. So where did this water, which would later give us our oceans, come from?
Woher stammte also das Wasser, das später die Ozeane bilden sollte?
After initially endangering our young Earth,
Nachdem er unsere junge Erde zunächst in Gefahr gebracht hatte,
Jupiter would give it a helping hand. After initially endangering our young Earth,
sollte Jupiter ihr helfend zur Seite stehen.
Jupiter would give it a helping hand. - We think that the formation, the growth and the migration of Jupiter let these bodies which formed far out in the Solar System, cold bodies with water,
Wir glauben, dass die Entstehung, das Wachstum und die Wanderung des Jupiters dafür verantwortlich waren,
- We think that the formation, the growth and the migration of Jupiter let
dass kalte Himmelskörper, die sich weit draußen
these bodies which formed far out in the Solar System, cold bodies with water, be sent towards the inner zone, where they crashed into the still
im Sonnensystem gebildet hatten und teilweise aus Wasser bestanden,
forming Earth, contributing their elements to it.
in die innere Zone vordrangen und dort auf die Erde stürzten,
be sent towards the inner zone, where they crashed into the still forming Earth, contributing their elements to it.
die sich gerade bildete.
These bodies, asteroids and comets, enriched the chaotic ball of matter which Earth then was with water. But as our planet started to solidify, the water These bodies, asteroids and comets, enriched the chaotic ball of matter
Diese Himmelskörper, Asteroiden und Kometen, reicherten das wilde Durcheinander an Materie, das die Erde damals war, mit Wasser an.
which Earth then was with water. But as our planet started to solidify, the water
Doch als unser Planet zu erstarren begann,
molecules remained trapped under the surface, in the magma.
blieben die Wassermoleküle unter der Oberfläche, im Magma, eingeschlossen.
molecules remained trapped under the surface, in the magma. Yet an essential mechanism for our planet’s future was already in place
Ein für die Zukunft unseres Planeten wesentlicher Mechanismus
and starting to bring some of that water to the surface. Yet an essential mechanism for our planet’s future was already in place It’s a mechanism that’s still very active today. and starting to bring some of that water to the surface.
war jedoch bereits vorhanden und begann damit, einen Teil dieses Wassers an die Oberfläche zu befördern. Dieser Mechanismus ist auch heute noch äußerst aktiv.
It’s a mechanism that’s still very active today.
These volcanoes, these mountains of fire, have been helping to bring water to
Vulkane haben von Anfang an dabei geholfen, Wasser an die Erdoberfläche zu bringen.
These volcanoes, these mountains of fire, have been helping to bring water to the surface from the very beginning. In Earth's youth, there was a lot more volcanic activity than today. the surface from the very beginning. In Earth's youth,
Als die Erde noch jung war gab es viel mehr vulkanische Aktivität als heute.
there was a lot more volcanic activity than today. - When you first think about a volcano, you think of lava, danger and life-threatening eruptions. But volcanoes were essential for life as we know it.
Wenn man an einen Vulkan denkt, kommen einem als erstes Lava und gefährliche Ausbrüche in den Sinn. Doch Vulkane waren für das Leben,
- When you first think about a volcano, you think of lava, danger and life-threatening eruptions. But volcanoes were essential for life as we know it.
wie wir es kennen, zwingend notwendig.
- It's the destruction of San Juan village, by the volcano Parícutin in 1944.
Dieses Bild zeigt die Zerstörung des Dorfes San Juan durch den Vulkan Paricutín 1944.
The people had to move away. It was a real catastrophe. - It's the destruction of San Juan village, by the volcano Parícutin in 1944.
Die Menschen mussten wegziehen. Eine Katastrophe.
- The artist has made the volcano quite small, yet the whole region was devastated.
Der Künstler hat den Vulkan recht klein dargestellt,
The people had to move away. It was a real catastrophe.
doch die ganze Region wurde verwüstet.
- The artist has made the volcano quite small, yet the whole region was devastated. - Yes, it appeared from nowhere in a cornfield. No one could have expected it.
Ja, er entstand aus dem Nichts auf einem Maisfeld Völlig unerwartet.
When the village was destroyed it was still quite small. - Yes, it appeared from nowhere in a cornfield. No one could have expected it. When the village was destroyed it was still quite small.
Als das Dorf zerstört wurde, war er noch recht klein.
- Volcanoes aren't inimical to life. On the contrary,
Vulkane sind nicht lebensfeindlich.
they were necessary for life to develop throughout Earth's existence. - Volcanoes aren't inimical to life. On the contrary, they were necessary for life to develop throughout Earth's existence.
Im Gegenteil, sie waren in der gesamten Erdgeschichte notwendig, damit sich Leben entwickeln konnte.
- Are such explosions common?
Passiert so etwas häufig?
- They happen... not that often. I've been here six years, and I've seen four or
Nicht so oft. Ich bin seit sechs Jahren hier und
- Are such explosions common?
und habe vier oder fünf Ausbrüche beobachtet.
five. With an explosion like that, ash may fall on surrounding villages.
Bei einer Explosion wie dieser
- They happen... not that often. I've been here six years, and I've seen four or
kann Asche auf die umliegenden Dörfer regnen.
five. With an explosion like that, ash may fall on surrounding villages. - What's the gas made of?
Woraus setzt sich das Gas zusammen?
- It's 95% water vapour. In all volcanoes around the world it's mostly water vapour.
Es ist zu 95% Wasserdampf.
- What's the gas made of? - It's 95% water vapour. In all volcanoes around the world it's mostly water vapour.
Bei allen Vulkanen auf der Welt besteht es hauptsächlich daraus. In Form des von den Vulkanen ausgespuckten Wasserdampfes
The water vapour spat out by the volcanoes allowed the water trapped in
gelangt das im Erdinneren einge- schlossene Wasser an die Oberfläche.
the Earth’s bowels to make its way to the surface. This has always been an The water vapour spat out by the volcanoes allowed the water trapped in
Dieser Mechanismus war schon immer von wesentlicher Bedeutung,
the Earth’s bowels to make its way to the surface. This has always been an essential mechanism for keeping our planet hydrated and alive. essential mechanism for keeping our planet hydrated and alive.
um unseren Planeten am Leben zu erhalten.
4.4 billion years ago, thanks to the volcanoes, Earth’s sky changed, filling
Vor 4,4 Milliarden Jahren veränderte sich, dank der Vulkane
4.4 billion years ago, thanks to the volcanoes, Earth’s sky changed, filling
der Himmel über der Erde und füllte sich mit Wolken.
with clouds. Diluvian rain started to lash the surface,
Sintflutartige Regenfälle gingen auf die Erde nieder.
it rained for millions of years, and the first oceans formed. with clouds. Diluvian rain started to lash the surface,
Es regnete Millionen Jahre lang, und die ersten Ozeane bildeten sich.
it rained for millions of years, and the first oceans formed. Yet barely had they appeared than they could have just as quickly evaporated. Yet barely had they appeared than they could have just as quickly evaporated.
Doch kaum waren sie entstanden, verdunsteten sie auch schon wieder.
- The difficult bit is having liquid water. You don't just need H2O, you need enough atmospheric pressure. An atmosphere. On the Moon there's no - The difficult bit is having liquid water. You don't just need H2O, you need
Das Problem ist, Wasser flüssig zu halten. Man braucht nicht nur H2O, sondern auch genügend atmosphärischen Druck.
atmosphere, so there's never been any liquid water.
Auf dem Mond gibt es keine Atmosphäre,
enough atmospheric pressure. An atmosphere. On the Moon there's no atmosphere, so there's never been any liquid water.
also gab es dort noch nie flüssiges Wasser.
If Earth’s atmosphere hadn’t been dense enough, the water would have
Wäre die Erdatmosphäre nicht so dicht gewesen,
evaporated into space in the form of vapour. If Earth’s atmosphere hadn’t been dense enough, the water would have
wäre das Wasser in Form von Dampf ins Weltall verdunstet.
Fortunately, the gas produced in abundance by the volcanoes maintained enough of evaporated into space in the form of vapour. an atmospheric pressure for Earth to be able to hold on to its early oceans. Fortunately, the gas produced in abundance by the volcanoes maintained enough of
Glücklicherweise hielt das von den Vulkanen im Überfluss produzierte Gas einen ausreichenden atmosphärischen Druck aufrecht, so dass die Erde in der Lage war, ihre frühen Ozeane zu erhalten.
an atmospheric pressure for Earth to be able to hold on to its early oceans.
But the oceans of the young Earth soon faced another danger,
Doch schon bald sahen sich die Ozeane auf der noch jungen Erde
that of freezing over. The Sun was still weak, 30% less bright than it is now. But the oceans of the young Earth soon faced another danger, that of freezing over. The Sun was still weak, 30% less bright than it is now.
einer weiteren Gefahr gegenüber, nämlich der des Zufrierens. Die Sonne war noch schwach, 30% weniger hell als heute.
Earth therefore needed a greenhouse effect to keep its
Die Erde brauchte daher einen Treibhauseffekt,
surface warm enough and its water in a liquid state.
um ihre Oberfläche warm genug und ihr Wasser flüssig zu halten.
Earth therefore needed a greenhouse effect to keep its This greenhouse effect appeared very early on in Earth’s history, surface warm enough and its water in a liquid state.
Dieser Treibhauseffekt trat in der Erdgeschichte sehr früh auf, dank des Wasserdampfs und des CO2,
thanks to the water vapour and CO2 abundantly present in the atmosphere. This greenhouse effect appeared very early on in Earth’s history,
die in der Atmosphäre reichlich vorhanden sind.
thanks to the water vapour and CO2 abundantly present in the atmosphere. - Today, of course, we know that CO2, increased by human activity, is a bad
Heute wissen wir, dass CO2, dessen Konzentration durch die Aktivitäten der Menschen erhöht wird,
thing. Too much isn't good. But we needed some back then. And still do. - Today, of course, we know that CO2, increased by human activity, is a bad
eine schlechte Sache ist. Zu viel ist nicht gut. Doch damals war es notwendig.
thing. Too much isn't good. But we needed some back then. And still do. If there wasn't a bit in the atmosphere, the surface temperature would be 15 degrees colder. And back then, with the Sun younger and less bright, it would
Wäre davon nicht ein wenig in der Atmosphäre vorhanden, würde die Oberflächentemperatur 15 Grad geringer sein.
If there wasn't a bit in the atmosphere, the surface temperature would be 15 have been much colder. Earth would have been frozen, about minus
Damals, als die Sonne weniger hell war, wäre die Erde gefroren gewesen.
degrees colder. And back then, with the Sun younger and less bright, it would 60 degrees, so not favourable to life. have been much colder. Earth would have been frozen, about minus
bei etwa minus 60 Grad, nicht lebensfreundlich.
60 degrees, so not favourable to life. The volcanoes were yet again contributing to making Earth habitable.
Die Vulkane trugen wieder einmal dazu bei, die Erde bewohnbar zu machen.
The volcanoes were yet again contributing to making Earth habitable. In their exhalations they were constantly spewing out huge quantities of CO2 along with the water vapour. In their exhalations they were constantly spewing out huge quantities of CO2
Bei ihren Ausbrüchen spuckten sie zusammen mit dem Wasserdampf ständig riesige Mengen CO2 aus.
- The CO2 spat out by the volcanoes accumulated, the greenhouse effect along with the water vapour.
Das von den Vulkanen ausgestoßene CO2 sammelte sich an,
- The CO2 spat out by the volcanoes accumulated, the greenhouse effect increased, the ice melted and the oceans thawed. We think this
der Treibhauseffekt verstärkte sich, das Eis schmolz und die Ozeane entstanden.
happened 400 to 500 million years ago. We call this period Snowball Earth. increased, the ice melted and the oceans thawed. We think this
Wir glauben, dass dies vor 400 bis 500 Millionen Jahren geschah.
happened 400 to 500 million years ago. We call this period Snowball Earth. Earth emerged from it like that. The greenhouse effect increased, and we
Wir nennen diese Periode "Schneeball Erde“. Der Treibhauseffekt nahm zu. Und wir bekamen im Gegenzug
got back a climate with liquid water, favourable to life. Earth emerged from it like that. The greenhouse effect increased, and we got back a climate with liquid water, favourable to life. But with the constant eruptions, the CO2 from the volcanoes was steadily
ein lebensfreundliches Klima mit flüssigem Wasser. Doch durch die ständigen Ausbrüche sammelte sich das CO2 aus den Vulkanen in der jungen Erdatmosphäre an.
accumulating in the young Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse effect But with the constant eruptions, the CO2 from the volcanoes was steadily
Der Treibhauseffekt hätte außer Kontrolle geraten
could have got out of control, turning our planet into a furnace. accumulating in the young Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse effect
und unseren Planeten in einen Schmelzofen verwandeln können.
could have got out of control, turning our planet into a furnace.
Glücklicherweise gab es ein Sicherheitsventil.
Fortunately there was a safety valve. CO2 can dissolve in water.
CO2 ist wasserlöslich.
Fortunately there was a safety valve. CO2 can dissolve in water.
Seit Millionen von Jahren
Over millions of years it is trapped in calcareous formations,
ist es in kalkhaltigen Formationen eingeschlossen und wirkt nicht mehr als Treibhausgas.
and no longer acts as a greenhouse gas. It remains trapped, inert, Over millions of years it is trapped in calcareous formations,
Es bleibt in mineralischer Form am Grund der Ozeane gebunden.
at the bottom of the ocean, in mineral form. and no longer acts as a greenhouse gas. It remains trapped, inert, The quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere, then, varies depending on
Die CO2-Menge in der Atmosphäre hängt von der Menge des flüssigen Wassers
at the bottom of the ocean, in mineral form. the amount of liquid water on Earth’s surface. The quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere, then, varies depending on
auf der Erdoberfläche ab.
the amount of liquid water on Earth’s surface. Over very long timescales this mechanism regulates our planet’s climate.
Dieser Mechanismus reguliert über sehr lange Zeiträume das Klima unseres Planeten.
Over very long timescales this mechanism regulates our planet’s climate. - A fascinating thing about Earth, which may make it unique, is that all through
Es gibt etwas, das die Erde vielleicht einzigartig einzigartig macht und faszinierend ist.
its very long existence, all four and a half billion years, variations in the - A fascinating thing about Earth, which may make it unique, is that all through
Während ihrer sehr langen Existenz von rund viereinhalb Milliarden Jahren, wurden Schwankungen in der Leuchtkraft der Sonne immer wieder
luminosity of the Sun have been compensated for by a variable its very long existence, all four and a half billion years, variations in the
durch einen variablen Treibhauseffekt ausgeglichen.
greenhouse effect. luminosity of the Sun have been compensated for by a variable
Es ist wie bei einer Art geophysikalischem Thermostat,
It's like a sort of geophysical thermostat keeping the Earth greenhouse effect.
der die Erde mit Hilfe seiner Ozeane auf der Oberfläche
always inhabitable, with oceans on the surface. It's like a sort of geophysical thermostat keeping the Earth always inhabitable, with oceans on the surface.
immer bewohnbar hält.
But this thermostat needed one more tweak to get it working perfectly and
Doch dieser Thermostat musste noch einmal optimiert werden, damit er perfekt funktionieren und unseren Planeten
make our planet truly favourable to life. But this thermostat needed one more tweak to get it working perfectly and
wirklich lebensfreundlich machen konnte.
Over hundreds of millions of years, all the CO2 in the atmosphere could have make our planet truly favourable to life.
Im Laufe von Hunderten von Millionen Jahren hätte das gesamte CO2 in der Atmosphäre
ended up trapped in the form of calcareous rock at the bottom of the ocean. Over hundreds of millions of years, all the CO2 in the atmosphere could have
in Form von Kalkgestein auf dem Grund der Ozeane eingeschlossen werden können.
ended up trapped in the form of calcareous rock at the bottom of the ocean. There wouldn’t have been enough in circulation to keep the thermostat going
Es wäre nicht genug im Umlauf gewesen, um den Thermostat in Gang zu halten.
and it would have broken down. There wouldn’t have been enough in circulation to keep the thermostat going
und das System wäre zusammengebrochen.
A mechanism possibly unique to our planet allowed for the reinjection of CO2 and it would have broken down.
Ein vielleicht einzigartiger Mechanismus ermöglichte
A mechanism possibly unique to our planet allowed for the reinjection of CO2 into the atmosphere: plate tectonics. into the atmosphere: plate tectonics. - You have to realise that the Earth has a sort of crust of cold and solid rock.
die Wiedereinleitung von CO2 in die Atmosphäre: die Plattentektonik. Die Erde besitzt eine Art Kruste aus erkaltetem festem Gestein.
- You have to realise that the Earth has a sort of crust of cold and solid rock.
Im Inneren gibt es wärmeres Gestein, den Erdmantel,
Inside there's warmer rock, the mantle, which changes shape. This is softer.
der seine Form verändert. Dieser ist weicher.
Inside there's warmer rock, the mantle, which changes shape. This is softer.
Man könnte also denken, dass die Kruste eine feste,
So you might imagine that the crust forms a solid, complete shell,
zusammenhängende Schale bildet, die das weiche Innere umhüllt,
like an eggshell around a softer inside. But that's not right.
wie bei einem Ei.
So you might imagine that the crust forms a solid, complete shell,
Aber so ist es nicht.
The movements of the shifting rock on the inside were powerful enough like an eggshell around a softer inside. But that's not right.
Die Bewegungen des sich im Inneren verschiebenden Gesteins
to rub up against the crust and crack it in places. The movements of the shifting rock on the inside were powerful enough to rub up against the crust and crack it in places.
waren stark genug, um die Kruste an bestimmten Stellen aufbrechen zu lassen.
The Earth’s crust is fragmented into ten plates, which are displaced by the
Die Erdkruste ist in zehn Platten zerbrochen, die durch die Bewegungen des Erdmantels verschoben werden.
movements of the mantle. The Earth’s crust is fragmented into ten plates, which are displaced by the Where the plates come together they crunch over each other,
An den Stellen, an denen die Platten aufeinandertreffen,
movements of the mantle. dragging the rocks that were at the bottom of the ocean deep into
schieben sie sich übereinander und ziehen das Gestein,
Where the plates come together they crunch over each other, the bowels of the Earth. Thus does the CO2 recycling begin.
das sich auf dem Meeresgrund befindet, tief ins Erdinnere hinein.
dragging the rocks that were at the bottom of the ocean deep into the bowels of the Earth. Thus does the CO2 recycling begin. Under the enormous pressure and heat, the rocks melt, and the magma is spewed back out onto the surface, taking the CO2 with it.
Damit beginnt das CO2-Recycling. Unter enormem Druck und bei großer Hitze schmilzt das Gestein
Under the enormous pressure and heat, the rocks melt, and the magma is
und wird als Magma, zusammen mit dem CO2,
spewed back out onto the surface, taking the CO2 with it. The CO2 escapes in gas form during volcanic eruptions. Finally back in the
wieder an die Oberfläche befördert. Bei Vulkanausbrüchen entweicht das CO2 in Gasform.
The CO2 escapes in gas form during volcanic eruptions. Finally back in the atmosphere, the CO2 may or may not be captured again by the oceans,
Zurück in der Atmosphäre kann es dann, abhängig von den klimatischen Bedingungen,
depending on climatic conditions. The circle is complete. atmosphere, the CO2 may or may not be captured again by the oceans,
von den Ozeanen wieder eingefangen werden oder auch nicht.
depending on climatic conditions. The circle is complete.
Der Kreis schließt sich.
- It's a very particular geophysical thermostat, which we think has really
Ein ungewöhnlicher Mechanismus, von dem wir glauben,
controlled the climatic conditions on Earth and made life possible.
dass er die klimatischen Bedingungen auf der Erde kontrolliert
- It's a very particular geophysical thermostat, which we think has really controlled the climatic conditions on Earth and made life possible.
und das Leben erst ermöglicht hat.
- If you changed the plate tectonics just a little, having slightly more or fewer
Wäre die Plattentektonik eine andere, mit mehr oder weniger Platten,
than ten plates, the recycling and CO2 concentration would have been different, - If you changed the plate tectonics just a little, having slightly more or fewer
hätten wir ein anderes Recycling und eine andere CO2-Konzentration.
and the biosphere would have evolved differently. than ten plates, the recycling and CO2 concentration would have been different, and the biosphere would have evolved differently.
Die Biosphäre hätte sich anders entwickelt.
- And this begs another important question.
Das wirft eine weitere wichtige Frage auf.
This plate tectonics, which seems to be the key, the key to life on Earth...
Ist diese Plattentektonik,
- And this begs another important question.
die der Schlüssel zum Leben auf der Erde zu sein scheint,
This plate tectonics, which seems to be the key, the key to life on Earth...
im Rest der Galaxie weit verbreitet,
Is plate tectonics something really common in the rest of the galaxy,
oder stellt sie etwas Einzigartiges oder zumindest sehr Seltenes dar?
or something unique or very rare? Is plate tectonics something really common in the rest of the galaxy, In the Solar System you don't find it anywhere else. or something unique or very rare?
Im Sonnensystem findet man sie kein zweites Mal.
In the Solar System you don't find it anywhere else.
Plate tectonics may be the factor which Earth’s neighbouring planets lacked for
Die Plattentektonik könnte der Faktor sein, der den Nachbarplaneten der Erde fehlte,
life to appear and survive there. Plate tectonics may be the factor which Earth’s neighbouring planets lacked for
damit dort Leben entstehen und gedeihen konnte.
Yet one of the Solar System’s other rocky planets did get off to a good start. life to appear and survive there.
Einer der anderen Gesteinsplaneten des Sonnensystems
Yet one of the Solar System’s other rocky planets did get off to a good start. Early in its history, with volcanoes, CO2 and water, Mars enjoyed an environment similar to Earth’s. Early in its history, with volcanoes, CO2 and water,
hatte diesbezüglich bereits einen guten Start hingelegt. Schon früh in seiner Geschichte wies der Mars mit Vulkanen, CO2 und Wasser eine der Erde ähnliche Umgebung auf.
Mars enjoyed an environment similar to Earth’s.
- So there was an environment... Imagine a blue Mars with lakes and rivers.
Stellen Sie sich einen blauen Mars mit Seen und Flüssen vor.
Some think there was an ocean in the northern hemisphere. - So there was an environment... Imagine a blue Mars with lakes and rivers.
Manche glauben, dass es einen Ozean auf der Nordhalbkugel gab.
So it was an environment favourable to life. Some think there was an ocean in the northern hemisphere.
Es war also eine lebensfreundliche Umgebung. Alles scheint also so angelegt zu sein,
So it was an environment favourable to life. All would seem to have been set up, then, for the planet to
dass der Mars auf ähnliche Weise funktionieren könnte wie die Erde.
function in a similar fashion. All would seem to have been set up, then, for the planet to The current state of the red planet, however,
Der gegenwärtige Zustand des roten Planeten zeigt jedoch deutlich,
clearly shows that something went wrong. function in a similar fashion. The current state of the red planet, however, clearly shows that something went wrong.
dass etwas schiefgelaufen sein muss.
- Mars cooled down much faster. Since Mars is half the size of Earth, it's a bit
Der Mars kühlte viel schneller ab. Da er nur halb so groß ist wie die Erde,
- Mars cooled down much faster. Since Mars is half the size of Earth, it's a bit like comparing a huge pot of hot water to a cup of tea. The big pot cools slower
ist es so, als würde man eine riesige Kanne heißes Wasser mit einer Tasse Tee vergleichen.
like comparing a huge pot of hot water to a cup of tea. The big pot cools slower than the cup of tea, which is Mars. The inside cooled faster. So there was no
Der Inhalt einer großen Kanne kühlt langsamer ab als der einer Tasse. Wir denken deshalb, dass keine Plattentektonik entstehen konnte.
than the cup of tea, which is Mars. The inside cooled faster. So there was no chance, as we understand it, for plate tectonics to arise. There was no
Es gab kein Recycling von CO2, das ein für die Ozeane günstiges Klima
recycling that could maintain a climate favourable to oceans for billions of years. chance, as we understand it, for plate tectonics to arise. There was no
über Milliarden von Jahren aufrechterhalten konnte. Und dann, nach Hunderten Millionen Jahren,
Mars had hundreds of millions of years. And thereafter it became a very sterile planet. recycling that could maintain a climate favourable to oceans for billions of years. Mars had hundreds of millions of years. And thereafter it became a very sterile planet.
wurde er zu einem ziemlich sterilen Planeten.
Mars’s tragedy is that it is too small, and fell into a deadly spiral. Because of its
Die Tragödie des Mars besteht darin, dass er zu klein ist.
Mars’s tragedy is that it is too small, and fell into a deadly spiral. Because of its
Er geriet in eine todbringende Spirale.
smaller mass, there was insufficient gravity to hold on to its atmosphere, the
Wegen seiner geringeren Masse war die Schwerkraft nicht groß genug,
drop in atmospheric pressure was inexorable, and the solar wind swept it smaller mass, there was insufficient gravity to hold on to its atmosphere, the
um seine Atmosphäre aufrecht zu erhalten. Der Abfall des atmosphärischen Drucks war unaufhaltsam
all away. Some of the water evaporated, the rest froze. drop in atmospheric pressure was inexorable, and the solar wind swept it
und der Sonnenwind fegte alles hinweg.
all away. Some of the water evaporated, the rest froze. Blue Mars became red Mars, a victim of its own small size.
Ein Teil des Wassers verdampfte, der Rest gefror. Aus dem blauen Mars wurde der rote Planet.
Blue Mars became red Mars, a victim of its own small size.
Er fiel seiner eigenen geringen Größe zum Opfer.
- So you think, Earth is just the right size! So why is there no plate tectonics
Wenn die Erde nun also genau die richtige Größe hat, warum gibt es dann keine Plattentektonik auf der Venus,
- So you think, Earth is just the right size! So why is there no plate tectonics on Venus, which is the same size as Earth? Why is that? Unlike Earth, Venus has
die vergleichbar groß ist? Im Gegensatz zur Erde hat die Venus kaum Wasser.
on Venus, which is the same size as Earth? Why is that? Unlike Earth, Venus has hardly any water. The water's all gone, and the mantle is very dry, not very
Es ist nahezu verschwunden, und ihr Mantel ist sehr trocken.
lubricated. It can't move much or displace any plates on the surface.
Deshalb kann er sich kaum bewegen
hardly any water. The water's all gone, and the mantle is very dry, not very
und an der Oberfläche können so keine Platten entstehen.
So Venus has a sort of unbroken shell all around the planet.
Die Venus ist also von einer starren Hülle umgeben.
lubricated. It can't move much or displace any plates on the surface.
Sie besitzt keinen mit der Erde vergleichbaren Mechanismus.
It doesn't have the mechanism that Earth has. So it's not just important to be So Venus has a sort of unbroken shell all around the planet.
Es ist also nicht nur wichtig, dass sie die richtige Größe hat,
the right size, but to have water in the mantle. It doesn't have the mechanism that Earth has. So it's not just important to be the right size, but to have water in the mantle. Earth has enough water to lubricate its plate tectonics. Venus doesn’t.
sondern auch, dass Wasser in ihrem Mantel vorhanden ist. Die Erde besitzt genug Wasser, um die Plattentektonik gleitfähig zu halten. Die Venus nicht.
Earth has enough water to lubricate its plate tectonics. Venus doesn’t. And yet the two planets were formed from the same materials.
Dennoch entstanden die beiden Planeten aus den gleichen Materialien.
And yet the two planets were formed from the same materials. One very special event during the Earth’s youth could have hydrated its depths.
Ein ganz besonderes Ereignis während einer frühen Phase der Erdgeschichte
One very special event during the Earth’s youth could have hydrated its depths.
könnte für das Vordringen von Wasser in tiefere Schichten der Erde verantwortlich sein.
- This is the idea. For the mantle to have got sufficiently hydrated, sufficiently
Damit der Mantel ausreichend "geschmiert“ werden konnte, musste die Erde bereits frühzeitig
"lubricated", early in its existence Earth suffered a huge cataclysm. We think - This is the idea. For the mantle to have got sufficiently hydrated, sufficiently
von einer gewaltigen Katastrophe heimgesucht werden Wir glauben, dass sie mit einem anderen Planeten
"lubricated", early in its existence Earth suffered a huge cataclysm. We think that the young Earth was struck by another planet the size of Mars, which we call Theia. that the young Earth was struck by another planet the size of Mars,
von der Größe des Mars kollidierte. Wir nennen ihn Theia.
which we call Theia.
A few tens of millions of years after its birth, Earth suffered a cataclysm which almost destroyed it outright. The chaos of the Solar System’s origins still reigned. A few tens of millions of years after its birth, Earth suffered a cataclysm which
Bereits einige Millionen Jahre nach ihrer Geburt ereilte die Erde eine Katastrophe, die sie fast völlig zerstörte. Es herrschte immer noch Chaos,
almost destroyed it outright. The chaos of the Solar System’s origins still reigned.
wie zu Beginn der Entstehung des Sonnensystems.
- Imagine, around Earth, hundreds of moons or dozens of the planet Mars.
Stellen Sie sich vor, um die Erde herum befinden sich Hunderte von Monden oder Dutzende Planeten wie der Mars.
Colliding repeatedly, these objects grow and form planets. - Imagine, around Earth, hundreds of moons or dozens of the planet Mars. Colliding repeatedly, these objects grow and form planets.
Durch Kollisionen wachsen diese Objekte zusammen.
Suddenly, an object the size of Mars comes towards our Earth, and crashes
Dann kommt ein Objekt von der Größe des Mars auf die Erde zu
into the surface at a speed something like 15 kilometres per second. Suddenly, an object the size of Mars comes towards our Earth, and crashes
und stürzt mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 15 Kilometern pro Sekunde
into the surface at a speed something like 15 kilometres per second.
auf die Oberfläche.
Theia crashed into Earth. The energy released by this enormous collision was
Theia stürzte auf die Erde. Die Energie, die bei dieser enormen Kollision freigesetzt wurde,
Theia crashed into Earth. The energy released by this enormous collision was equivalent to hundreds of billions of hydrogen bombs.
entsprach Hunderten von Milliarden von Wasserstoffbomben.
equivalent to hundreds of billions of hydrogen bombs. - The impact is so violent that the impacting object is destroyed. The surface
Der Aufprall ist so heftig, dass das auftreffende Objekt zerstört wird.
- The impact is so violent that the impacting object is destroyed. The surface of the Earth is completely liquefied, and the core of the impacting body
Die Erdoberfläche wird vollständig verflüssigt, und der Kern des einschlagenden Körpers durchdringt den Erdmantel
penetrates the Earth's mantle, becoming part of the Earth's core. of the Earth is completely liquefied, and the core of the impacting body
und wird Teil des Erdkerns. Wir glauben, dass der Erdkern
We think the Earth's core fused with that of the impacting body. penetrates the Earth's mantle, becoming part of the Earth's core. We think the Earth's core fused with that of the impacting body.
mit dem des einschlagenden Körpers verschmolzen ist.
The collision was so violent that the water contained in Theia was driven
Die Kollision war so heftig, dass das in Theia enthaltene Wasser tief in den Erdkern eindringen konnte
deep into Earth’s core, mixing with the water already present there. The collision was so violent that the water contained in Theia was driven
und sich mit dem dort bereits vorhandenen Wasser vermischte.
deep into Earth’s core, mixing with the water already present there. In this way, Theia hydrated the depths of Earth’s mantle, making it possible later In this way, Theia hydrated the depths of Earth’s mantle, making it possible later for the plate tectonics system to function.
Auf diese Weise sorgte Theia dafür, dass das System der Plattentektonik später funktionieren konnte.
for the plate tectonics system to function.
Wenn wir richtig liegen, ist es beeindruckend.
- It's speculative, but if it's right it's impressive. It shows us that for life to
Es zeigt uns, dass für dauerhaftes Leben auf der Erde diese zufällige
- It's speculative, but if it's right it's impressive. It shows us that for life to have existed on Earth all this time we needed that chance impact very early
Kollision zu einem erdgeschichtlich frühen Zeitpunkt nötig war, um den Erdmantel mit Wasser zu versorgen,
in Earth's history, to hydrate the mantle, maintain its lubrication, and have existed on Earth all this time we needed that chance impact very early
ihn zu schmieren und so das Phänomen eines geophysikalischen Thermostats
have this phenomenon, this geophysical thermostat, all throughout in Earth's history, to hydrate the mantle, maintain its lubrication, and the planet's existence. have this phenomenon, this geophysical thermostat, all throughout
während der gesamten Existenz des Planeten aufrecht zu erhalten.
the planet's existence. This seeming catastrophe would end up being beneficial in another way, as Earth
Diese scheinbare Katastrophe sollte am Ende auf andere Weise nützlich sein
gained a new companion, which would play a major role in the blossoming of This seeming catastrophe would end up being beneficial in another way, as Earth our ecosystem. Out of the cloud of debris resulting from the collision, a new gained a new companion, which would play a major role in the blossoming of
da die Erde einen neuen Gefährten bekam, der eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung unseres Ökosystems spielen sollte. Aus der Trümmerwolke, die durch die Kollision entstand,
our ecosystem. Out of the cloud of debris resulting from the collision, a new body would gradually form? the Moon. body would gradually form? the Moon.
bildete sich allmählich ein neuer Himmelskörper... der Mond.
- The Earth-Moon system is unique in the Solar System and, as far as we now, in
Das Erde-Mond-System ist einzigartig im Sonnensystem
the galaxy. It's a very particular system where both objects are large objects.
und, soweit wir wissen, in der gesamten Galaxie.
- The Earth-Moon system is unique in the Solar System and, as far as we now, in
Es ist besonders, da beide Objekte groß sind.
This is why certain astronomers talk of a "double planet". the galaxy. It's a very particular system where both objects are large objects. This is why certain astronomers talk of a "double planet". Barely had it come into existence, then the Moon was already exerting a
Daher sprechen einige Astronomen von einem "Doppelplaneten". Kaum entstanden, übte der Mond aufgrund seiner beträchtlichen Größe einen starken Einfluss auf die Erde aus.
powerful influence on the Earth because of its considerable size. Barely had it come into existence, then the Moon was already exerting a powerful influence on the Earth because of its considerable size.
The history of the Earth-Moon relationship has been studied very
Die Geschichte der Beziehung von Erde und Mond
closely, thanks to the Apollo missions. The history of the Earth-Moon relationship has been studied very closely, thanks to the Apollo missions.
ist dank der Apollo-Missionen sehr genau untersucht worden.
- The Apollo missions placed reflectors on the Moon's surface. These reflectors
Bei den Apollo-Missionen wurden Reflektoren
are used today to reflect back laser beams emitted from Earth,
auf der Mondoberfläche platziert.
- The Apollo missions placed reflectors on the Moon's surface. These reflectors
Diese werden heute dazu verwendet, um von der Erde ausgesandte
such as this one behind me. are used today to reflect back laser beams emitted from Earth,
Laserstrahlen, wie hinter mir zu sehen, zu reflektieren.
There's a regular emission from here, the Calern plateau in France. such as this one behind me.
Von hier, dem Calern-Plateau, werden regelmäßig Strahlen ausgesandt.
There's a regular emission from here, the Calern plateau in France. Today, many observatories around the world, like this one in the
Heute wird der Mond von viele Observatorien auf der ganzen Welt,
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, monitor the Moon closely. Every night, scientists use Today, many observatories around the world, like this one in the
wie diesem im Département Alpes-de- Haute-Provence, genau überwacht.
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, monitor the Moon closely. Every night, scientists use a laser beam to make a precise measurement of its distance from Earth. a laser beam to make a precise measurement of its distance from Earth.
Jede Nacht messen Wissenschaftler mit Hilfe eines Laserstrahls
- These are important experiments because we can measure how long it
Diese Experimente sind wichtig.
takes the laser beam to go to the Moon and back.
Wir messen, wie lange der Laserstrahl braucht, um zum Mond
- These are important experiments because we can measure how long it
und wieder zurück zu gelangen.
So we can measure, in real time, the distance to the Moon. takes the laser beam to go to the Moon and back.
So können wir in Echtzeit seine Entfernung bestimmen.
One major finding, which we sort of knew before but are now sure of, So we can measure, in real time, the distance to the Moon. is that the Moon is moving away.
Eine wichtige Erkenntnis, von der wir schon früher ausgingen, sie jetzt aber belegen können, ist, dass sich der Mond entfernt.
One major finding, which we sort of knew before but are now sure of, It's moving away at a speed of 3 or 4 centimetres per year. is that the Moon is moving away.
Und zwar mit einer Geschwindigkeit von drei bis vier Zentimetern pro Jahr.
It's moving away at a speed of 3 or 4 centimetres per year. These measurements have shown that, when it formed, the Moon was much
Die Messungen haben gezeigt, dass der Mond, als er sich bildete,
closer to the Earth than it is today. These measurements have shown that, when it formed, the Moon was much
viel näher an der Erde war als heute.
- Soon after the Moon formed, if anyone had been here to see the Moon, it
Hätte man den Mond schon bald nach seiner Entstehung
closer to the Earth than it is today. would have been gigantic in the sky because it was so close.
von der Erde aus betrachtet, hätte er am Himmel gigantisch ausgesehen,
- Soon after the Moon formed, if anyone had been here to see the Moon, it Now it's 380,000 km from Earth. would have been gigantic in the sky because it was so close.
weil er so nah war. Jetzt ist er 380.000 km von der Erde entfernt.
But 4 billion years ago we think it was only 15,000 km distant.
Doch vor 4 Milliarden Jahren war er, unserer Meinung nach,
Now it's 380,000 km from Earth. But 4 billion years ago we think it was only 15,000 km distant.
nur 15.000 km weit weg.
The proximity of the Moon had a first consequence of creating bigger tides
Die Nähe des Mondes sorgte vor allem dafür, dass die Gezeiten stärker ausfielen.
and therefore maybe stimulating biological evolution. The proximity of the Moon had a first consequence of creating bigger tides and therefore maybe stimulating biological evolution.
So hat er vielleicht die Evolution angeregt.
The tides caused by the Moon churned up the oceans and contributed to the
Die durch den Mond verursachten Gezeiten wirbelten die Ozeane auf
dynamism of our ecosystem. The mutual attraction between the two bodies also The tides caused by the Moon churned up the oceans and contributed to the
und trugen zur Dynamik unseres Ökosystems bei. Die gegenseitige Anziehung zwischen den beiden Himmelskörpern
dynamism of our ecosystem. The mutual attraction between the two bodies also had a crucial effect on Earth’s rotational axis.
hatte auch einen entscheidenden Ein- fluss auf die Rotationsachse der Erde.
had a crucial effect on Earth’s rotational axis. - The effect wasn't just the tides, it was much more. It stabilised the famous tilt,
Er sorgt nicht nur für die Gezeiten, er stabilisiert auch die berühmte Neigung der Erde,
- The effect wasn't just the tides, it was much more. It stabilised the famous tilt, the angle of 23 degrees by which Earth's axis is tilted in relation to its
den Winkel von 23 Grad, um den die Erdachse im Verhältnis zu ihrer Flugbahn um die Sonne geneigt ist.
trajectory around the Sun. And this angle has stayed constant for billions of years. the angle of 23 degrees by which Earth's axis is tilted in relation to its trajectory around the Sun. And this angle has stayed constant for billions of years. - If the Moon hadn't been there, Earth's rotational axis would have oscillated,
Dieser Winkel ist seit Milliarden von Jahren konstant geblieben. Wäre der Mond nicht da gewesen, hätte die Rotationsachse der Erde oszilliert
causing rapid changes in the climate. This could have had huge consequences - If the Moon hadn't been there, Earth's rotational axis would have oscillated,
was rasche Klimaveränderungen zur Folge gehabt hätte. Dies hätte sich wiederum enorm auf die Evolution ausgewirkt.
on evolution. causing rapid changes in the climate. This could have had huge consequences
Zum Beispiel durch rasch abwechselnden Perioden
With rapidly alternating periods of glaciation and warming, for example. on evolution. With rapidly alternating periods of glaciation and warming, for example.
der Vergletscherung und Erwärmung.
The Moon helped the Earth maintain a climate stable enough
Der Mond half der Erde, ein Klima aufrechtzuerhalten,
for the slow and gradual evolution of life. The Moon helped the Earth maintain a climate stable enough for the slow and gradual evolution of life.
das stabil genug für eine langsame und allmähliche Entwicklung des Lebens war.
Without the Moon, the Earth would have been faced with the same
Ohne den Mond wäre die Erde mit den gleichen Umbrüchen
upheavals as its neighbour Mars. Without the Moon, the Earth would have been faced with the same upheavals as its neighbour Mars.
konfrontiert gewesen wie ihr Nachbar Mars.
- Mars' moons, Phobos and Deimos, are so small that they play no stabilising
Die Monde des Mars, sind so klein,
role on the rotational axis. - Mars' moons, Phobos and Deimos, are so small that they play no stabilising
dass sie keinen Einfluss auf seine Rotationsachse haben.
role on the rotational axis. There have been very big variations in Mars' rotational axis. There have been very big variations in Mars' rotational axis.
Die Rotationsachse des Mars hat stark geschwankt.
What's more, this rotational axis has moved all around the surface of Mars. What's more, this rotational axis has moved all around the surface of Mars.
Außerdem hat sie sich über die ganze Oberfläche des Planeten bewegt.
Mars became a desert; Earth, a garden of Eden.
Der Mars wurde zu einer Wüste; die Erde zu einem Garten Eden.
Mars became a desert; Earth, a garden of Eden. The present Earth-Moon system is the result of a long series of accidents,
Das Erde-Mond-System ist das Ergebnis einer langen Reihe von Unfällen.
making the Earth and Moon a unique couple. The present Earth-Moon system is the result of a long series of accidents, making the Earth and Moon a unique couple.
die Erde und Mond zu einem einzigartigen Paar machten.
Earth now had a stable climate, an atmosphere and liquid water.
Die Erde hatte nun ein stabiles Klima, eine Atmosphäre und flüssiges Wasser.
Surely everything was perfectly set up for life to appear and evolve. Earth now had a stable climate, an atmosphere and liquid water.
Alles war perfekt darauf ausgerichtet, dass Leben entstehen und sich entwickeln konnte.
But Earth still lacked the basic ingredients of life: organic molecules. Surely everything was perfectly set up for life to appear and evolve.
Doch der Erde fehlten immer noch die Grundbausteine des Lebens:
But Earth still lacked the basic ingredients of life: organic molecules.
organische Moleküle.
All living things on Earth are made of the same building blocks: long carbon-based molecules.
Alle Lebewesen auf der Erde sind aus den gleichen Bausteinen aufgebaut:
All living things on Earth are made of the same building blocks: Scientists now think that a large proportion of these molecules
langen Molekülen auf Kohlenstoffbasis.
long carbon-based molecules.
Wissenschaftler gehen heute davon aus,
came from outside planet Earth. Scientists now think that a large proportion of these molecules came from outside planet Earth.
dass ein großer Teil dieser Moleküle außerirdischen Ursprungs sind.
- The organic molecules, the basic elements necessary for life, are found in space.
Organischen Moleküle sind die grundlegenden Elemente, damit Leben entstehen kann. Sie befinden sich im Weltraum,
- The organic molecules, the basic elements necessary for life, are found in space. They're in meteorites. Some are 60% organic material, which is huge. They're in meteorites. Some are 60% organic material, which is huge. And a lot fell to Earth.
in Meteoriten. Einige bestehen zu 60% aus organischem Material. Vieles davon fiel auf die Erde.
And a lot fell to Earth. The original organic molecules, which may have sown the seeds of life on Earth
Die organischen Moleküle, die den Ursprung des Lebens auf der Erde gebildet haben könnten, existierten bereits
were present in the distant cold zone of the solar system. The original organic molecules, which may have sown the seeds of life on Earth
in der fernen kalten Zone des Sonnensystems.
But how did these building blocks of life travel to our planet? The Rosetta mission, were present in the distant cold zone of the solar system.
Doch wie sind diese Bausteine des Lebens auf unseren Planeten gelangt?
But how did these building blocks of life travel to our planet? The Rosetta mission, the first to ever attempt landing a module on a comet,
Die Rosetta-Mission, bei der das erste Mal versucht wurde,
shed some light on this mystery. the first to ever attempt landing a module on a comet, shed some light on this mystery.
ein Modul auf einem Kometen zu landen, konnte diesbezüglich ein wenig Licht ins Dunkel bringen.
Jean-Pierre Bipring was one of the scientists behind this audacious mission.
Jean-Pierre Bibring war als Wissenschaftler an dieser kühnen Mission beteiligt.
Jean-Pierre Bipring was one of the scientists behind this audacious mission.
Das haben wir am 14. Juli 2014 gesehen.
- This is what we saw on 14th July 2014. When we got this, we thought:
Wir dachten: "Darauf können wir nicht landen, das ist nicht machbar."
- This is what we saw on 14th July 2014. When we got this, we thought: “We can’t land on that, it’s not feasible.” This is tiny.
Der Komet ist winzig. Er ist nur vier Kilometer lang.
The whole thing is only four kilometres. And it’s revolving around an “We can’t land on that, it’s not feasible.” This is tiny.
Und er dreht sich um eine ungünstige Achse.
awkward axis.” We thought we’d never find a spot to set down on, it was crazy.
Wir dachten, wir würden nie einen Platz
The whole thing is only four kilometres. And it’s revolving around an
für eine Landung der Sonde finden, es war verrückt.
awkward axis.” We thought we’d never find a spot to set down on, it was crazy. A few months later, the probe Philae managed despite all the difficulties to touch down on the comet Chury. A few months later, the probe Philae managed despite all the difficulties
Ein paar Monate später gelang es der Sonde Philae trotz aller Schwierigkeiten, auf dem Kometen Tschuri zu landen.
to touch down on the comet Chury.
- Here you see Philae’s leg, an object made just a few years ago, and here,
Hier sehen Sie ein Bein der Sonde Philae, die erst vor wenigen Jahren gebaut wurde,
the oldest object in the Solar System, the same as when it formed - Here you see Philae’s leg, an object made just a few years ago, and here,
und hier das älteste Objekt im Sonnensystem, 4,6 Milliarden Jahre alt.
4.6 billion years ago. It was the first time, the oldest object in the Solar System, the same as when it formed
Es war das erste Mal, und es wird so schnell nicht wieder vorkommen,
and it won't happen again soon, that we set something down on a comet. 4.6 billion years ago. It was the first time, and it won't happen again soon, that we set something down on a comet.
dass wir etwas auf einem Kometen abgesetzt haben.
With the first analyses, the scientists realised that comets are very different from what they had supposed. With the first analyses, the scientists realised that comets are very different from what they had supposed.
Bei den ersten Analysen erkannten die Wissenschaftler, dass Kometen ganz anders sind, als sie vermutet hatten. Auf der Oberfläche dieses Kometen gibt es kein Wasser.
- There's no water on this comet's surface. There isn't an ounce of ice.
Nicht ein Gramm Eis.
We thought it'd be mostly ice, with a few molecules. Not at all.
Wir dachten, es würde hauptsächlich aus Eis bestehen,
- There's no water on this comet's surface. There isn't an ounce of ice. All we see here is organic material. We thought it'd be mostly ice, with a few molecules. Not at all.
mit ein paar Molekülen. Doch alles, was wir hier sehen, ist organisches Material.
All we see here is organic material.
Dank der Rosetta-Mission entdeckten Wissenschaftler,
Thanks to the Rosetta mission, scientists discovered that comets are abundant in
dass Kometen ein bedeutender Bausteinen des Lebens sind.
the building blocks of life. Up until then, they had thought that only asteroids, Thanks to the Rosetta mission, scientists discovered that comets are abundant in
Bis dahin hatten sie geglaubt, dass nur Asteroiden, kleine Gesteinskörper,
the building blocks of life. Up until then, they had thought that only asteroids, little rocky bodies, were thus endowed. Since the birth of the Solar System, little rocky bodies, were thus endowed. Since the birth of the Solar System,
eine derartige Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Seit der Entstehung des Sonnensystems gravitieren Kometen und Asteroiden
comets and asteroids have gravitated in the colder regions, where they capture and store these original organic molecules. comets and asteroids have gravitated in the colder regions, where they capture
in den kälteren Regionen, wo sie die ursprünglichen organischen Moleküle einfangen und speichern.
Then these comets and asteroids, veritable messengers of life, transport and store these original organic molecules. these molecules into the inner zones of the Solar System. Then these comets and asteroids, veritable messengers of life, transport
Dann transportieren diese Himmelskörper, als Boten des Lebens, die Moleküle in die inneren Zonen des Sonnensystems.
these molecules into the inner zones of the Solar System.
Wenn sie nah an einem Planeten vorbeiziehen,
As they pass close to a planet, they disseminate these building blocks onto
verteilen sie die Moleküle auf der Oberfläche
the surface, providing it with the wherewithal for life. As they pass close to a planet, they disseminate these building blocks onto
und sorgen so für die Voraussetzung von Leben.
the surface, providing it with the wherewithal for life. Scientists are keen to undertake laboratory analysis of organic molecules
Wissenschaftler versuchen, organische Moleküle im Labor zu analysieren,
similar to those which fell into Earth’s oceans. Scientists are keen to undertake laboratory analysis of organic molecules
die denen ähneln, die in die Ozeane auf der Erde gefallen sind.
This was the aim of the Hayabusa2 mission, launched by the Japanese space agency:
Die Hayabusa 2-Mission,
similar to those which fell into Earth’s oceans.
die von der japanischen Raumfahrt- behörde gestartet wurde,
This was the aim of the Hayabusa2 mission, launched by the Japanese space agency: to bring back to Earth a few fragments of this original organic matter.
hatte zum Ziel, einige Fragmente der ursprünglichen organischen Substanz
to bring back to Earth a few fragments of this original organic matter.
zur Erde zurückzubringen. Die Probe wurde im Juli 2019 gesammelt,
The sample was collected in July 2019, 300 million kilometres from Earth. The sample was collected in July 2019, 300 million kilometres from Earth. The mission was a success.
300 Millionen Kilometer von der Erde entfernt. Die Mission war ein Erfolg.
- This is the moment when it touched down. You see the leg touching down.
Dies ist der Moment, in dem sie gelandet ist.
The mission was a success.
Man sieht das Bein aufsetzen.
- This is the moment when it touched down. You see the leg touching down. It's mind-blowing. Then you see it take off again. The principle for taking
Dann sieht man, wie es wieder abhebt. Bei dieser Probenentnahme verweilt die Sonde nicht lange.
It's mind-blowing. Then you see it take off again. The principle for taking samples is for it not to linger. It touches down, fires a bullet, and leaves again with
Sie setzt auf, feuert eine Kugel ab und verschwindet mit den Bruchstücken wieder.
samples is for it not to linger. It touches down, fires a bullet, and leaves again with the debris. It takes a few seconds. And it all happens very far from Earth, of course. the debris. It takes a few seconds. And it all happens very far from Earth, of course.
Es dauert nur ein paar Sekunden. Das alles geschieht sehr weit von der Erde entfernt. Es ist überwältigend.
It's completely mind-blowing. We hope that in the sample
Wir hoffen, dass sich in der Probe kohlenstoffhaltiges Material befindet,
there's carbonaceous material, from which, we think, life on Earth began. It's completely mind-blowing. We hope that in the sample there's carbonaceous material, from which, we think, life on Earth began. The probe is bringing back a tenth of a gram of these precious building blocks
aus dem, wie wir glauben, das Leben auf der Erde entstand. Die Sonde wird ein Zehntelgramm dieser wertvollen Bausteine des Lebens zur Erde zurückbringen. Sie sind denen ähnlich,
of life, similar to those which landed on the planets of our Solar System some The probe is bringing back a tenth of a gram of these precious building blocks
die vor etwa vier Milliarden Jahren
four billion years ago. of life, similar to those which landed on the planets of our Solar System some
auf den Planeten unseres Sonnensystems gelandet sind.
four billion years ago. - From this material we want to find out what the initial ingredients were which,
Anhand dieses Materials wollen wir herausfinden, welches die ursprünglichen Inhaltsstoffe waren,
in the waters of Earth's primordial oceans, made possible - From this material we want to find out what the initial ingredients were which,
die in den Urmeeren der Erde die lange Entwicklung
the great chain of terrestrial biology. in the waters of Earth's primordial oceans, made possible the great chain of terrestrial biology.
der irdischen Biologie möglich gemacht haben.
Comets and asteroids could be the missing links of a long chain.
Kometen und Asteroiden könnten die fehlenden Glieder
The chain began with the simple molecules found in the early cloud dusts, Comets and asteroids could be the missing links of a long chain.
einer langen Kette sein. Sie begann mit einfachen Molekülen,
and culminated with the building blocks of life from which life on Earth first sprang.
die in der frühen Phase unseres Sonnensystems
The chain began with the simple molecules found in the early cloud dusts,
in Staubwolken zu finden waren, und gipfelte in den Bausteinen,
and culminated with the building blocks of life from which life on Earth first sprang. The chain leading to life? The chain leading to life?
aus denen das Leben auf der Erde entstand.
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