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Science & Technology 400 views 1 likes 1 dislikes 25 May 2011

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Horses are extremely social creatures that always move in herds.

強い社会性を示し、常に群れで行動するウマ。

Existing horses are essentially the descendants of domesticated animals,

現存するウマは、基本的に家畜として飼育されていたものが起源で、

and it is thought that true wild horses are virtually extinct.

野生種はほぼ絶滅したと考えられている。

So, while it is unknown whether any wild horses ever formed herds, we can,

従って、群れで行動する習性が野生種にも存在したのかは不明であるが、亜種であるシマウマの観察などから、

however, say with reasonable confidence that they did move in herds from the observations we make of the subspecies of existing horses we see today.

野生種のウマも家畜種同様の群れを作って行動していたことはほぼ間違いないと考えられている。

Horses have an extremely large head with well developed eyes, ears, and noses.

ウマの頭部は非常に大きく、目、耳、鼻ともに良く発達している。

They have the largest eyes of any land mammal with a specially shaped retina that is structured so that they can view both their feet and distant objects with the same sharp eyesight.

特に目は、哺乳類でも最大クラスの大きさがあり、網膜の特殊な形状により、足元を見る時と遠くを見るときそれぞれに、高い視力が得られる構造を有している。

Their highly rotatable ears have a broad audible spectrum,

また、自由に動かせる耳は可聴帯域も広く、

and horses react to even the faintest of sounds that originated in the distance.

遠くで発せられた微かな物音にも敏感に反応する。

Often going unnoticed beside such well-known abilities is the horse’s superb sense of smell.

こういった能力の陰に隠れて見落とされがちではあるが、ウマの嗅覚は、更に優れた能力を発揮しているのだ。

The mother horse licks its newborn foal’s entire body and is said to perfectly remember its scent.

母ウマは、仔馬が生まれるとその全身を舐め、仔馬の臭いを嗅ぎ覚えるとされている。

Foals become independent of their mother after about 2 years.

仔馬は二年ほどで母ウマから独立するが、

It is thought that this scent plays a significant role in communication between the mother and foal during this time together.

その間、親子がコミュニケーションを取るときに、その体臭が大きな役割を果たしていると考えられているのだ。

Should the mother horse detect any changes,

母ウマは、何らかの変化を察知すると、緊張から汗に含まれる物質に変化が生じる。

the stress caused generates sweat of a different composition.

その僅かな変化を仔馬も感じ取り、すぐに母ウマの近くに寄りそう。

The foal can also detect this slight change in the mother’s condition and will quickly run to her side.

また、母ウマから離れてしまった仔馬は、

Foals that have strayed from their mother will search for them by neighing.

いななきで母ウマを探すが、

This sense of having “gone astray” is triggered not by sight or sound,

この「はぐれてしまった」という感覚は、

but by the absence of the mother’s scent.

母ウマの臭いが途切れてしまった時に引き起こされるのだという。

Horses are also known for other mysterious behavior such as the ability to sense the physical condition and emotional state of their long-standing stable keepers.

その他にもウマは、長く世話をしている厩務員の体調や感情の変化を感じ取っているかのような、不思議な行動を取ることがある。

Cancer sensing dogs have been making news in recent years.

近年、飼い主のガンを感知する犬が話題になっているが、

Horses too are sensitive to changes in body odor,

ウマもまた、人間の体臭の変化に敏感であり、

and may possibly be using this sensor to not only detect changes in other horses,

恐らくはそのセンサ能力によって、ウマ同士だけではなく、

but also those in humans.

近くにいる人間の状態まで感知しているのではないだろうか。

Whatever the case may be, there is not doubt that smell plays as big a role as sight and sound does for the intimately communicating horse.

何れにしても、群れで暮らし、互いに密接なコミュニケーションを交わしているウマにとって、嗅覚が視覚や聴覚に優るとも劣らない役割を果たしていることは間違いない。

Humans do not have such refined sensors with which to measure the natural world.

人間には、これほどまでに自然を計るセンサは無い。

However, humankind posses the power of analysis, one that goes beyond our natural limitations.

しかし人類には、分析力という種を超えた力がある。

The protection of this diverse and beautiful earth through the analysis of nature is a mission that has been entrusted to humankind.

その分析力で自然を計り、多様で美しい地球の姿を守ること、それが人類に与えられた使命といえるだろう。

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