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Education  32.5K views 85 likes 13 dislikes   26 Jun 2015
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♪ [music] ♪
♪ [música] ♪ BIENES CLUB
- [Prof. Alex Tabarrok] In the previous video
[Alex] En el video anterior hablamos sobre bienes públicos
we covered public goods, which are nonexcludable, and nonrival.
que son no excluibles y no rivales.
Let's now turn to club goods.
Ahora hablemos de los bienes llamados "club".
Club goods are also nonrival,
Los bienes club también son no rivales,
but unlike public goods, they are excludable.
pero a diferencia de los bienes públicos, son excluibles.
Let's take Wi-Fi as an example.
Hablemos del wifi, por ejemplo.
You might need a password to connect to a Wi-Fi network. That's what makes it excludable.
Puede que necesites una contraseña para conectarte a una red de wifi, eso es lo que lo hace excluible.
However, assuming that there isn't much congestion,
Sin embargo, asumiendo que no hay mucha congestión,
there's no cost to allowing more people onto the network.
no tiene un costo dejar que otra persona se una a la red.
Up to a point, therefore, Wi-Fi is non-rival.
Hasta un punto, entonces, el wifi es no rival.
HBO -- that's another example of a club good.
HBO es otro ejemplo de un bien club.
It's excludable -- you have to pay $15.99 a month or something like that to get into the HBO club.
Es excluible, tienes que pagar $15.99 al mes o algo así para unirte al club de HBO.
But more viewers don't add to costs,
Pero más televidentes no representan un costo,
so HBO is also nonrival.
así que el HBO también es no rival.
Markets can provide club goods, but at the price of some inefficiency.
Los mercados pueden proveer bienes club, pero al precio de cierta ineficiencia.
Imagine for example that someone is willing to pay $8 per month to watch Game of Thrones.
Imagina, por ejemplo, que alguien está dispuesto a pagar $8 por mes para ver "Game of Thrones".
The marginal cost of HBO providing that viewer with Game of Thrones --
El costo marginal de HBO de proveer a ese televidente
it's basically zero.
con "Game of Thrones" es básicamente nulo.
The potential viewer is willing to pay $8, which is more than the cost.
El televidente potencial está dispuesto a pagar $8 que es más que el costo,
Yet they don't get to watch, because the price of HBO is even higher --
pero al fin de cuentas no pueden ver la televisión porque el precio de HBO
$15.99 per month.
es mucho mas alto = $15.99 al mes.
This is unlike competitive markets that we covered earlier,
Esto es diferente a los mercados competitivos
where we saw trades get made
de los que hablamos antes;
so long as the value is greater than the cost.
vimos que se hacían intercambios mientras el valor fuera mayor que el costo.
For club goods, there's some loss of efficiency in exclusion.
Para bienes club, hay cierta pérdida de eficiencia y exclusión.
In excluding this particular viewer, for example,
Por ejemplo, al excluir al televidente del que hablamos, dado que el beneficio
since the benefit to the viewer is greater than the cost,
del televidente es mayor al costo
yet that trade is not made.
y a pesar de eso ese intercambio no se realiza.
Now, the fact that HBO charters for entry to it's club -- that means that HBO, however,
Ahora el hecho que HBO cobra la entrada a su club, eso quiere decir que HBO
has an incentive to figure out what viewers really want to watch.
tiene un incentivo para describir qué es lo que los televidentes realmente quieren.
That's an important benefit.
Ese es un beneficio importante.
The diversity, creativity and responsiveness of the market
La diversidad, la creatividad y la respuesta del mercado,
probably outweighs the loss of efficiency
probablemente es más grande que la pérdida de eficiencia
in having the market produce club goods.
que sucede cuando el mercado produce bienes club.
As we covered in the last video,
Como dijimos en el video anterior,
public goods tend to be under-provided,
la tendencia es tener un déficit de bienes públicos,
because they cannot be adequately charged for.
porque no se puede cobrar lo suficiente por ellos.
One solution to this problem is figuring out how to turn a public good into a club good.
Una solución a este problema es encontrar cómo convertir un bien público en un bien club.
And entrepreneurs have created excludable goods,
Y los empresarios han creado bienes excluibles,
like cable tv and satellite radio, that are alternatives to the public goods
como televisión por cable y radio satelital que son alternativas
of broadcast television and radio.
a los bienes públicos de la televisión abierta y la radio.
Other entrepreneurs have even discovered ways to profit from providing public goods
Otros empresarios han descubierto formas de beneficiarse al proveer
even without relying on exclusion.
bienes públicos, incluso sin tener que recurrir a la exclusión.
How's that possible?
¿Cómo es eso posible?
Radio and broadcast television -- they're public goods.
La radio y la televisión abierta, son bienes públicos.
They're nonexcludable, and nonrival, and yet they are provided privately by markets.
Son no excluibles y no rivales y, sin embargo, se proveen privadamente por los mercados.
In this case, the market overcame the challenge through advertising.
En este caso, el mercado superó el reto por medio de la publicidad.
Advertising -- it really works quite well for TV and radio.
La publicidad realmente funciona muy bien para la TV y la radio.
The marginal costs of providing someone a radio or TV signal --
El costo marginal de proveer a alguien señal de radio o de televisión es cero
it's zero. And the price -- it's zero as well.
y el precio es de cero también.
Price equals marginal cost -- that's efficient.
El precio es igual al costo marginal y entonces es eficiente.
Now, you do have to watch the ads,
Ahora, sí tienes que ver los comerciales,
and that's profitable because they're selling the ad time.
y eso es rentable porque están vendiendo el tiempo aire.
Here's another familiar example, maybe you've heard of it -- Google.
Aquí hay otro ejemplo conocido del que quizás has escuchado: Google.
The search technology and the database are nonrival.
La tecnología de búsqueda y la base de datos son no rivales.
Google could exclude by adding a subscription cost.
Google podría excluir a gente al agregar un costo de suscripción,
But it chooses not to, since it makes more money by giving the product away for free
pero escoge no hacerlo, ya que hace más dinero al dar el producto gratis
and selling advertising.
y vender la publicidad.
Now let's go back to Wi-Fi.
Ahora volvamos a hablar del wifi.
It's a very interesting case,
Es un caso muy interesante porque podemos ver
because we can see Wi-Fi provided in almost all possible ways.
que se provee el wifi en casi todas as formas posibles.
It's sold by private firms, like Sprint, who exclude non-payers.
Lo venden las empresas privadas, como Sprint quien excluye a quien no paga.
It's offered free to attract customers at places like Starbucks.
Se ofrece gratis para atraer a clientes, en lugares como Starbucks.
It's free in other places if you watch ads.
Es gratis en otros lugares si ves los comerciales.
And it's even provided for free by some local governments.
Y a veces se ofrece gratuitamente por gobiernos locales.
So we see all types of provision methods for Wi-Fi,
Así que vemos todo tipo de métodos de oferta de wifi.
and it's not clear which is the best, or even if there is a best method.
Y no es claro cuál es el mejor, o siquiera si existe uno mejor que todos.
Okay, that's it for club goods.
Bien, eso es todo sobre bienes club.
Next we'll be looking at nonexcludable, but rival resources --
Después vamos a hablar sobre recursos que son no excluibles pero sí rivales,
the common resources.
los recursos comunes.
- [Narrator] If you want to test yourself,
[Narrador] Si quiere probar lo que aprendió,
click "Practice Questions."
haga clic en estas preguntas de práctica,
Or, if you're ready to move on, just click "Next Video."
o, si está listo para continuar, haga clic para el próximo video,
♪ [music] ♪
♪ [música] ♪ Subtítulos por la comunidad de Amara.org
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