Subjects and predicates | Syntax | Khan AcademyYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
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Contributed subtitles
Polish Justyna Bober
KhanAcademyPoPolsku
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Ahoj, gramatici.
- [Voiceover] Hello, grammarians.
Ahoj, Paige. Ahoj, Davide.
Hello, Paige.
David: Dnes si řekneme něco
- [Paige] Hi, David.
o určování podmětu a přísudku
- [David] Today we're going to talk about
a než začneme, napíšeme si větu.
identifying subjects and predicates and in order to do that, we shall begin with a sentence.
Paige, přečetla bys mi tuto větu?
Paige, would you read me the sentence, please?
Paige: Koupil jsem bedýnku skřetích klobouků.
- [Paige] I bought a crate of goblin hats.
David: Děkuji, Paige.
- [David] Thank you, Paige.
Tak, a myslíš si, že jsou to klobouky pro skřítky,
So Paige, do you think that's hats for goblins,
nebo klobouky, díky kterým vypadáš jako skřítek?
or hats that make you look like a goblin?
Paige: No, koupila jsem je,
- [Paige] Well, I bought it, so I can say
tak mohu říci, že obojí.
that it is both.
David: Říkáš tedy, že můžeme říct obojí.
- [David] So we could go either way is what you're saying.
Paige (směje se): Ano.
- [Paige] (Laughs) Oh, yeah.
David: Tato věta je jako auto.
- [David] A sentence is kind of a like a car.
Má mnoho součástí jako motor,
It's got a lot of different parts, like an engine,
kola, kostru, a tak dále.
or wheels, or a body, whatever.
Věta funguje podobně a my ji můžeme rozdělit na části.
A sentence is very much the same way and you can divide up a sentence into parts.
Dnes ji budeme dělit na podmět a přísudek.
Today, we're going to be dividing up the sentence into subject and predicate.
Paige, jaký má tato věta podmět?
Paige, what is the subject of a sentence?
Paige: Podmětem je podstatné jméno nebo zájmeno,
- [Paige] The subject is a noun or a pronoun
které vyjadřuje činnost anebo stav.
that is doing the action in the sentence or performing the verb.
David: Co znamená vyjadřuje stav?
- [David] What does that mean to perform a verb?
Paige: No to, že nevyjadřuje vždy akci, ne?
- [Paige] Right, so a verb isn't always an action, right?
Proto jsem to chtěla objasnit.
That's why I wanted to clarify.
Paige: Protože můžeme říct "Jsem šťastná."
- [David] Mm-hmm. - [Paige] Because you can say, "I am happy."
"Jsem" je sloveso, ale nevyjadřuje činnost, kterou dělám.
Am is a verb, but that's not an action that I'm doing.
David: Ano, nemůžeš aktivně "být".
- [David] Right, you can't just actively am.
Paige: Přesně tak.
- [Paige] Right. (laughs)
David: Ale ve větě "Jsem šťastná"
- [David] But in the sentence, "I am happy,"
podmět vykonává sloveso "být", čili "jsem".
the subject I is performing the verb to be, or am.
Paige: Správně. David: Rozumím.
- [Paige] Right.
Co je přísudek?
- [David] Gotcha. What is a predicate?
Paige: Přísudek je zbytek věty, který není podmětem.
- [Paige] A predicate is all of the rest of the sentence
Je to ve skutečnosti sloveso
that isn't the subject. What it really is is the verb
a všechny členy, které se k němu vážou.
and all of the parts that are related to the verb.
Ano, sloveso a jeho kámoši.
Yeah, verb and its pals, that's good.
David: Aplikujme si toto vysvětlení na větu s klobouky.
- [David] Let's apply that approach to goblin hat sentence.
Paige: Hm.
- [Paige] Mm-hmm.
David: Dobře, takže hledám podstatné jméno nebo zájmeno,
- [David] Okay, so I'm looking for a noun or pronoun
které je původcem slovesa ve větě.
that performs a verb in the sentence.
Našel jsem sloveso a to je "koupil".
Well, I found the verb and the verb is bought.
Kdo vykonává činnosti kupování? Já.
Who's doing the buying?
Paige: Ano.
I am.
David: Podmět je tedy "Já". Paige: Ano.
- [Paige] Right. - [David] So our subject is I.
David: Přísudkem je v podstatě
- [Paige] Yeah. - [David] Then predicate is basically
všechno ostatní, že?
everything else, right?
Je to "koupil", co jsem koupil?
It's bought, what did I buy?
Bedýnku skřetích klobouků.
A crate of goblin hats.
Paige: Správně.
- [Paige] Right.
Můžeme říci, že bedýnka s klobouky
You can see that a crate of goblin hats
je také podstatné jméno, že?
is also a noun, right?
Ale ve větě žádnou činnost nevykonává, že?
But it's not doing anything in the sentence.
Kupuji ji já.
I am buying.
David: I když je zde podstatné jméno,
- [David] Just because there's a noun,
i když je ve větě další podstatné jméno,
just because there's another noun in the sentence,
pro nás bedýnka se skřetími klobouky,
like crate or goblin hats, doesn't necessarily mean
nemusí to znamenat, že je to podmět.
that it's the subject.
Paige: Ano.
- [Paige] Right.
David: Takže musíš hledat něco, co vykonává sloveso.
- [David] So you have to look for the thing that is
Paige: Přesně tak.
performing the verb.
Davide: Paige, tohle zahrnuje vše
- [Paige] Exactly. - [David] Paige, I think that covers everything except
kromě toho, jakou funkci má bedýnka se skřetími klobouky,
exactly what a goblin hat is, but we can talk about that
ale o tom zase příště.
some other time.
Paige: Dobře.
- [Paige] Yeah.
David: Tomu se říká určování podmětu a přísudku.
- [David] That's identifying subjects and predicates.
Můžeš se naučit cokoliv.
You can learn anything.
David konec.
David out.
Paige konec.
- [Paige] Paige out.
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