The First Celsius ThermometerYouTube↗  IA↗(long shot)
Education  2.3M views 81K likes 901 dislikes   14 Jun 2016
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how did Celsius define his scale uh he took the temperature water freezes at and said that's zero and they took the
Kako je Celsius definirao svoju temperaturnu skalu? Hm... Uzeo je temperaturu na kojoj se voda smrzava i označio kao 0°,
temperature boils at and says that's 100 and a figure 200 was a good amount of
zatim je uzeo temperaturu na kojoj voda vrije i označio kao 100°.
demarcations to make in between the two
Zatim je odlučio da je 100 dovoljno mjesta između tih temperatura.
right yeah except that's not what he did
Hmda. Samo što nije to učinio. — Zbilja?
really Celsius never devised nor used the scale that now bears his name are you kidding
Celsius nikada nije smislio niti koristio skalu koja danas nosi njegovo ime.
me no Michael I'm not this is the
Jel' me zezaš? — Ne, Michael, ozbiljan sam.
Swedish town of Uppsala located 70 kilometers north of Stockholm so this is
Ovo je švedski grad Uppsala, smješten 70 kilometara sjeverno od Stockholma.
the house where Celsius lived in 1741 he was professor of astronomy at Uppsala
Dakle ovo je kuća u kojoj je Celsius živio. 1741. godine bio je profesor astronomije na
University and this is the first ever Celsius thermometer or is it this is the
Sveučilištu u Uppsali. A ovo je prvi Celzijev termometar... je li?
first scale of onda celsius added onto or added onto an old the middle
Ovo je prva skala Andersa Celsiusa dodana na
tournament so we have de leus scale on the left-hand side you know and celsius
stari termometar. Znači imamo Delisle'ovu skalu lijevo i Celzijevu novu skalu desno.
is new scale on the right these few markings show that Celsius came up with
Ovih nekoliko oznaka pokazuju da se Celsius dosjetio
the idea of separating the freezing and boiling points of water by 100 degrees
odvojiti ledište i vrelište vode sa 100 stupnjeva.
he made his first observations with the scale on Christmas Day 1741 but have you
Prvi je put upotrijebio skalu na Božić 1741.
noticed something strange about this
Ali jeste li primijetili nešto neobično o ovoj skali?
scale I mean 50 is marked in the middle but the numbers increased down towards
50 jest označeno na sredini ali brojevi rastu prema dolje
the bulb of the thermometer so Celsius had his scale upside down he said zero
prema dnu termometra. Dakle, Celsiusova skala bila je obrnuta.
degrees at the boiling point of water and a hundred at the freezing point why
Postavio je nula stupnjeva na vrelište vode a sto na ledište.
would he do this well for one thing
Zašto bi takvo što uradio? Kao prvo,
Celsius was just following the convention of the other scale on the
Celsius je samo slijedio ideju druge skale
thermometer the leal scale also had zero
na termometru. Delisle'ova skala također je imala nula stupnjeva kao vrelište vode
degrees for the boiling point of water increasing down to 150 for his freezing point and a likely reason both of them
te je padala do 150 kao ledište vode. Vjerojatni razlog zašto su obje
used upside-down scales is because they
skale obrnute je da bi se izbjegli negativni brojevi.
avoid negative numbers in Sweden it gets much colder than freezing but never warmer than boiling water so you don't
U Švedskoj bude puno hladnije od zamrzavajućeg, ali nikad nije toplije od vrelišta vode pa
have to worry about pesky minus signs and this helps avoid log book errors I
ne morate brinuti o dosadnim minusima a ovo i pomaže izbjegavanju grešaka u
think it would be really weird if you
dnevnicima.
had water boiling at zero degrees and
Mislim da bi bilo glupavo da imate vrelište vode
freezing it a hundred wouldn't that be strange although it
na nula stupnjeva i ledište na sto. Zar ne bi to bilo čudno?
might seem strange today there is no objectively good reason for
Iako bi danas ovo bilo zbunjujuće, ne postoji dobar objektivni razlog da se
preferring an ascending scale over a descending one for measuring degrees of
više isplati koristiti rastuću skalu nego padajuću za mjerenje nečije
something like hot or cold
temperature, kao vruće ili hladno.
in fact when Celsius died of tuberculosis in 1744 he was still using
Naime, kad je Celsius umro od tuberkuloze 1744., još je uvijek koristio
this inverted scale so who reversed it
ovu obrnutu skalu.
who do we have to thank for the modern Celsius temperature scale well in 1745
Tko ju je obrnuo? Komu da se zahvalimo za suvremenu Celzijevu temperaturnu skalu?
just a year after Celsius is death a new
Pa, 1745., tek godinu nakon Celsiusove smrti
column appears in the solid temperature record using the modern scale and at the
novi se stupac pojavio u Uppsalinoj evidenciji temperature koji je koristio novu
top it's got the heading Eckstrom now
skalu, a na vrhu je pisao naslov "Ekström" Tada je Ekström bio
Eckstrom was the instrument maker at Uppsala in 1747 another column is added
proizvođač instrumenata u Uppsali. 1747. pojavio se još jedan stupac s naslovom
with the heading Strummer who was Celsius as successor as professor of astronomy again it's got
Strömer koji je bio Celsiusov nasljednik kao profesor astronomije.
the same modern scale but it's another professor at Uppsala who claims that he
Opet, koristio je novu skalu. Ali bio je i treći profesor na Uppsali koji tvrdi
reversed the scale that's the famous
da je on obrnuo skalu:
biologist Carl Linnaeus he says he
To je poznati biolog Carl Linnaeus. On je rekao da je obrnuo skalu
reversed the scale when he ordered a thermometer from Eckstrom for his
kad je od Ekströma naručio termometar za staklenik.
greenhouse whoever it was we know that by 1745 there was an operational
Tko god da je bio, znamo da je do 1745. postojao operativan termometar na
thermometer at Uppsala University with the scale that we now all know as the Celsius temperature scale except this
Sveučilištu Uppsali sa skalom koju mi svi danas zovemo Celzijeva temperaturna skala.
was not the first such thermometer ever created in 1743 the year before celsius
Osim... to nije bio prvi takav termometar.
died a French scientist working
1743., godinu prije nego je Celsius umro, nezavisni francuski znanstvenik koji je radio u Lyonu
independently in Leon created a thermometer with zero degrees at the
napravio je termometar s nula stupnjeva na ledištu vode
freezing point of water and a hundred at
i sto na vrelištu.
the boiling point his name was Jean Pierre Kristin so why isn't it called a
Zvao se Jeane Pierre Christin [žan pier kristin]. Zašto se onda ne kaže stupanj Christin umjesto
degree Kristin instead of a degree
stupnja Celzija?
Celsius well for a long time this temperature scale wasn't referred to
Pa, jako dugo vremena ova temperaturna skala nije se zvala niti po jednom
using either of their names and instead it was just called the centigrade scale
znanstveniku nego samo "centigradna skala" što znači
meaning a hundred steps the problem with
sto koraka.
this was centigrade has other meanings
Problem koji se ovdje javljao je da "centigrade" ima različita značenja u francuskom, španjolskom i
in French Spanish and Italian where a grade specifically refers to one one
talijanskom, gdje "grade" označava jednu stotinu
hundredth of a right angle so to eliminate this confusion the International Bureau of weights and
pravog kuta. Da bi se uklonila ova zbrka, Međunarodni ured za utege i mjere
measures in 1948 decided to rename the centigrade scale after a scientist
1948. odlučio je da "centigradna skala" dobije ime po
bringing it into alignment with other temperature scales like Kelvin and
znanstveniku kao što je bio običaj s drugim skalama kao što je Kelvinova i
Fahrenheit they chose Celsius possibly due to a popular 1800s German chemistry textbook
Fahrenheitova. Moguće je da su odabrali Celzija zbog popularne njemačke bilježnice iz kemije iz 19. st.
by a guy named Bruce alias in it
koju je napisao Berzelius. U njoj, Berzelius vidi
brasilia's identified is as the first to devise a temperature scale with zero at water's freezing
Celzija kao prvog koji je izmislio temperaturnu skalu s nulom na ledištu vode i
point and 100 at its boiling point
sto na vrelištu, šireći mit da je
propagating the myth that Celsius created this scale so is Celsius undeserving of having his name
Celsius stvorio ovu skalu. Da li je zato Celsius nezaslužan imati svoje ime
immortalized on weather maps around the
spomenuto na vremenskim prognozama u cijelom svijetu?
world well no I mean making two marks and deciding on a number of degrees in
Baš i ne. Hoću reći, odabrati dvije točke i odlučiti o broju stupnjeva između je
between them that is the easy part which others could in this history shows did
lagani dio koji su i drugi znali, a kako povijest kazuje, i radili...
do but what Celsius did was he established which physical processes
ali ono što je Celsius učinio je da je ustanovio koji fizikalni procesi mogu pouzdano
could reliably produce a fixed temperature at the time when he was working there were some thirty different
proizvesti određenu temperaturu. U vrijeme kad je radio, bilo je nekih 30-ak
temperature scales in use some thermometers had 18 different scales on
različitih temperaturnih skala u upotrebi. Neki termometri imali su 18 različitih skala,
them some more reliable than others for fixed reference points one scale used
neki pouzdaniji od drugih. Za točno određene točke jedna skala koristila je
the deepest cellar of the Paris
najdulji podrum opservatorija u Parizu,
observatory others used the melting temperature of butter the internal
dok su druge koristile talište maslaca, tjelesne temperature
temperatures of certain animals or the hottest day in summer in Italy Syria or
određenih životinja, ili pak najtopliji dan u godini u Italiji, Siriji ili Senegalu. Ove
Senegal these dubious scales combined with inconsistent thermometer
dubiozne skale zajedno, s nedosljednom konstrukcijom termometara
construction made recording accurate temperatures nearly impossible not to
učinilo je bilježenje preciznih temperatura gotovo nemoguće, a da ne govorim o dijeljenju
mention sharing those temperatures with other scientists elsewhere Celsius
tih temperatura s ostalim znanstvenicima u drugim državama. Celsius je ovaj problem riješio
solved this problem in a number of ways he demonstrated that melting snow maintains a fixed temperature regardless
na nekoliko načina: pokazao je da taljenje snijega održava stalnu temperaturu
of latitude or ambient pressure he also determined the precise
bez obzira na geografsku širinu ili atmosferski tlak. Također je odredio precizni odnos
relationship between boiling point of water and the ambient pressure so that
između vrelišta vode i okolnog tlaka, tako da se
thermometers could be calibrated under
termometri mogu kalibrirati pod bilo kojim uvjetima.
any conditions he made it possible to establish a universal reliable system of
Omogućio je da se ustanovi sveopći pouzdani sustav
temperature measurement and this is why Celsius is named is a unit of
mjerenja temperature i ovo je zašto je Celsiusovo ime jedinica temperature,
temperature even though the scale itself was not created by him and in fact today
iako on nije izumio samu skalu i zapravo danas Celsiusova skala
the Celsius scale is no longer defined by either of waters phase transition
više nije definirana po prelasku vode iz jednog agregacijskog stanja u drugo, nego
points instead it is based off the Kelvin scale and that scale is defined
je bazirano na Kelvinovoj skali, a ta skala definirana je
by setting the triple point of water
postavljanjem trojnice točke vode,
where solid liquid and gas all exist in equilibrium at exactly 273.16 Kelvin
gdje led, voda i vodena para svi mogu postojati u ravnoteži na točno 273,16 Kelvina.
this fixes the size of a degree Kelvin which is exactly the same as the size of
Ovo ograničava veličinu jednog Kelvina, koji je jednake veličine kao i
a degree Celsius the zero point of the Celsius scale is set at 273.15 Kelvin
Celzijev stupanj. Nulta točka Celzijeve skale postavljena je na 273,15 Kelvina.
now what all this means is that today
I što iz svega ovoga možemo zaključiti je da danas čista voda vrije na
pure water boils at ninety-nine point nine seven four degrees Celsius and
99,974 stupnja Celzija i zamrzava se na
freezes at negative zero point zero zero is ro1 celsius this precision in a nearly universal system of temperature
minus 0,0001 Celzij. Ovoj preciznosti u gotovo sveopćem sustavu mjerenja temperature
measurement is thanks to a huge number of scientists so the C after the degree symbol stands not only for Celsius or
možemo zahvaliti velikom broju znanstvenika pa C nakon simbola za stupanj ne znači samo Celsius ili Christin
Kristen or Carl Linnaeus but for the community of scientists whose work over
ili Carl (Linnaeus), ali i Cijelu zajednicu znanstvenika koji su stoljećima radili na
centuries made a scale so robust that we
skali tako robustnoj da ju mi koristimo besplatno.
take it for granted worse hey I hope you
[zvučni efekti]
enjoyed that video I just wanted to talk
Bok! Nadam se da ste uživali u ovom videu. Samo bih vam kratko htio govoriti
to you for a second about patreon as you probably know patreon is a website where
o Patreonu. Kao što već vjerojatno znate, Patreon je webstranica na kojoj možete
you can support creators that you like by pledging a small dollar amount per
podržati tvorce koje volite plaćanjem nekoliko kuna mjesečno
month or per video now I have had a patreon page for a very long time but I
ili po videu. Ja zapravo već dugo imam stranicu na Patreonu ali je nikad
have never promoted it and I have never accepted any pledges on that page the
nisam promovirao i nikad nisam prihvaćao novce na toj stranici.
reason is because I felt I could never really offer value through the site
Razlog je bio da se nikad nisam osjećao kao da stvarno nudim neku pravu vrijednost kroz
because I was too disorganized and I was travelling too much but despite that 750
stranicu jer sam bio previše neuređen i previše sam putovao, ali unatoč tome
of you have pledged nearly $2,000 a
750 vas dalo je gotovo $2000 [10200 kn] po videu i zato
video and for that I am incredibly grateful and I want to announce that starting next video I will be accepting
sam vrlo zahvalan i drago mi je najaviti da ću od sljedećeg videa
pledges through patreon and in return I will be offering some unique rewards to
primati novac preko Patreona. A zauzvrat nudit ću neke
those patrons and I will also redouble
jedinstvene nagrade mojim patronima i udvostručit ću napore da napravim ovaj YouTube
my efforts to make this YouTube channel bigger and better than it's ever been
kanal veći i bolji nego što je ikad prije bio!
before so if you want to support veritasium directly you can now do that
Dakle ako želite podržati Veritasium direktno, sada to možete učiniti preko Patreona,
via patreon and if you don't want to or you can't that is totally fine too
a ako ne želite to je sasvim u redu. Najiskrenije, ja
frankly I am just very appreciative that anyone likes watching these videos at
sam ogromno zahvalan svima koji uopće ove videe označavaju sa "sviđa mi se".
all so now I'm going to go get to work on making this YouTube channel as good
Učinit ću sve da napravim ovaj YouTube kanal najboljim
as it possibly can be and I really want to thank you for all your support over
što može biti i zbilja vam hvala za svu vašu podršku
the years and I want to thank you for watching
tijekom svih ovih godina i hvala na gledanju!
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